Deep learning-based imaging model to predict early hematoma enlargement and hospital mortality in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

Table 3 Predictive performance of radiological models, clinical model and clinical-radiological model in prediction of hospital death on patients in the testing cohort

Model	ROI	AUC (95%CI)	Accuracy	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV	F1 score	Brier score
Xception	Hemorrhage	0.517 (0.501-0.533)	70.10	50.00	72.41	17.24	92.65	0.256	0.132
	Perihematomal edema	0.513 (0.508-0.520)	64.95	30.00	68.97	10.00	89.55	0.150	0.103
	Combined	0.549 (0.510-0.588)	76.29	30.00	81.61	15.79	91.03	0.207	0.153
VGG16	Hemorrhage	0.580 (0.528-0.632)	57.73	40.00	59.77	10.26	89.66	0.163	0.249
	Perihematomal edema	0.584 (0.523-0.645)	57.73	20.00	62.07	5.71	87.10	0.089	0.092
	Combined	0.607 (0.532-0.682)	75.26	30.00	80.46	15.00	90.91	0.200	0.154
VGG19	Hemorrhage	0.586 (0.555-0.617)	63.92	30.00	67.82	89.68	89.39	0.146	0.099
	Perihematomal edema	0.606 (0.564-0.648)	67.01	10.00	73.56	4.17	87.67	0.059	0.092
	Combined	0.654 (0.567-0.741)	68.04	20.00	73.56	8.00	88.89	0.114	0.106
ResNet50	Hemorrhage	0.570 (0.510-0.630)	67.01	40.00	70.11	13.33	91.04	0.200	0.173
	Perihematomal edema	0.561 (0.512-0.610)	71.13	50.00	73.56	17.86	92.75	0.263	0.149
	Combined	0.705 (0.606-0.804)	64.95	60.00	65.52	16.67	93.44	0.261	0.254
InceptionV3	Hemorrhage	0.508 (0.500-0.517)	72.16	40.00	75.86	16.00	91.67	0.229	0.309
	Perihematomal edema	0.517 (0.509-0.525)	62.89	40.00	65.52	11.76	90.48	0.182	0.120
	Combined	0.547 (0.516-0.578)	68.04	50.00	70.11	16.13	92.42	0.244	0.142
InceptionResNetV2	Hemorrhage	0.502 (0.500-0.508)	65.98	30.00	70.11	10.34	89.71	0.154	0.136
	Perihematomal edema	0.597 (0.535-0.659)	72.16	40.00	75.86	16.00	91.67	0.229	0.262
	Combined	0.615 (0.540-0.690)	70.10	60.00	71.26	19.35	93.94	0.293	0.189
Handcrafted radiomics	Hemorrhage	0.600 (0.546-0.654)	70.10	60.00	71.26	19.35	93.94	0.293	0.223
	Perihematomal edema	0.516 (0.505-0.527)	57.73	30.00	60.92	8.11	88.33	0.128	0.127
	Combined	0.603 (0.534-0.672)	67.01	50.00	68.97	15.63	92.31	0.238	0.168
Hematoma expansion	-	0.546 (0.524-0.568)	65.98	30.00	70.11	10.34	89.71	0.154	0.158
Radiological model	-	0.655 (0.576-0.734)	67.01	30.00	71.26	10.71	89.86	0.158	0.208
Integrated model	-	0.754 (0.646-0.862)	71.13	60.00	72.41	20.00	94.03	0.300	0.241

CI: Confidence interval; ROI: Region of interest; AUC: Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value.