Deep learning-based imaging model to predict early hematoma enlargement and hospital mortality in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

Table 2 Predictive performance of radiological models, clinical model and clinical-radiological model in prediction of early enlargement of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage on patients in the testing cohort

Model	ROI	AUC (95%CI)	Accuracy	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV	F1 score	Brier score
Xception	Hemorrhage	0.638 (0.526-0.750)	61.86	68.57	58.06	48.00	76.60	0.565	0.507
	Perihematomal edema	0.641 (0.529-0.753)	62.89	65.71	61.29	48.94	76.00	0.561	0.535
	Combined	0.648 (0.535-0.761)	61.86	54.29	66.13	47.50	71.93	0.507	0.865
VGG16	Hemorrhage	0.647 (0.535-0.759)	63.92	34.29	80.65	50.00	68.49	0.407	0.517
	Perihematomal edema	0.607 (0.501-0.720)	57.73	45.71	64.52	42.11	67.80	0.438	0.442
	Combined	0.679 (0.567-0.791)	59.79	88.57	43.55	46.97	87.10	0.614	0.519
VGG19	Hemorrhage	0.571 (0.500-0.683)	58.76	68.57	53.23	45.28	75.00	0.545	0.402
	Perihematomal edema	0.667 (0.555-0.779)	60.82	80.00	50.00	47.46	81.58	0.596	0.523
	Combined	0.725 (0.613-0.837)	68.04	80.00	61.29	53.85	84.44	0.644	0.551
ResNet50	Hemorrhage	0.747 (0.636-0.858)	63.92	82.86	53.23	50.00	84.62	0.624	0.686
	Perihematomal edema	0.659 (0.547-0.771)	46.39	71.43	32.26	37.31	66.67	0.490	0.575
	Combined	0.774 (0.662-0.886)	60.82	88.57	45.16	47.69	87.50	0.620	0.703
InceptionV3	Hemorrhage	0.620 (0.511-0.729)	55.67	74.29	45.16	43.33	75.68	0.547	0.491
	Perihematomal edema	0.637 (0.528-0.746)	56.70	65.71	51.61	43.40	72.73	0.523	0.549
	Combined	0.704 (0.592-0.816)	62.89	68.57	59.68	48.98	77.08	0.571	0.587
InceptionResNetV2	Hemorrhage	0.663 (0.552-0.774)	69.07	54.29	77.42	57.58	75.00	0.559	0.549
	Perihematomal edema	0.683 (0.571-0.795)	53.61	77.14	40.32	42.19	75.76	0.545	0.628
	Combined	0.728 (0.615-0.841)	64.95	82.86	54.84	50.88	85.00	0.630	0.588
Handcrafted radiomics	Hemorrhage	0.564 (0.502-0.626)	53.61	40.00	61.29	36.84	64.41	0.384	0.446
	Perihematomal edema	0.507 (0.500-0.563)	55.67	68.57	48.39	42.86	73.17	0.527	0.358
	Combined	0.635 (0.527-0.743)	54.64	62.86	50.00	41.51	70.45	0.500	0.579
Radiological model	-	0.713 (0.600-0.826)	72.16	60.00	79.03	61.76	77.78	0.609	0.576
Clinical model	-	0.534 (0.501-0.567)	55.67	45.71	61.29	40.00	66.67	0.427	0.414
Integrated model	-	0.828 (0.714-0.942)	72.89	70.00	74.52	58.84	84.07	0.638	0.749

CI: Confidence interval; ROI: Region of interest; AUC: Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value.