Deep learning-based imaging model to predict early hematoma enlargement and hospital mortality in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients in the training and testing cohorts, n (%)

Characteristic	Training cohort (n = 225)			Testing cohort (n = 97)
	Expander (n = 83, 36.9%)	Non-expander (n = 142, 63.1%)	P value	Expander (n = 35, 36.1%)	Non-expander (n = 62, 63.9%)	P value
Demographic characteristics
Age, median (IQR), years	61 (28)	61 (24)	0.651	62 (31)	59 (29)	0.276
Gender, male	49 (59.0)	81 (57.0)	0.77	28 (80.0)	33 (53.2)	0.1
Clinical features
Time to arrival, median (IQR), hour	1.6 (0.7)	1.5 (0.3)	0.092	1.4 (0.6)	1.6 (0.3)	0.363
Time to baseline CT, median (IQR), hour	2.4 (1.1)	2.2 (0.7)	0.101	1.8 (0.7)	1.9 (1.3)	0.925
Systolic BP, median (IQR), mmHg	146 (40)	147 (48)	0.296	142 (39)	144 (48)	0.976
Diastolic BP, median (IQR), mmHg	86 (25)	86 (27)	0.974	82 (27)	85 (22)	0.905
Heart rate, median (IQR), bpm	80 (18)	80 (18)	0.988	84 (24)	80 (20)	0.86
GCS score, median (IQR)	13 (4)	13 (5)	0.634	13 (3)	14 (3)	0.847
NIHSS score, median (IQR)	6 (14)	6 (12)	0.866	5 (11)	7 (11)	0.754
Medical history
Hypertension	43 (51.8)	67 (47.2)	0.503	18 (51.4)	26 (41.9)	0.367
Diabetes mellitus, male	8 (9.6)	14 (9.9)	0.957	3 (8.6)	6 (9.7)	1
Dyslipidemia	3 (3.6)	3 (2.1)	0.672	1 (2.9)	1 (1.6)	1
Atrial fibrillation	3 (3.6)	2 (1.4)	0.361	1 (2.9)	0 (0.0)	0.361
Acute coronary syndrome	3 (3.6)	4 (2.8)	0.711	0 (0.0)	4 (6.5)	0.293
Ischemic stroke	0 (0.0)	2 (1.4)	0.532	1 (2.9)	1 (1.6)	1
Current smoking	6 (7.2)	7 (4.9)	0.557	2 (5.7)	2 (3.2)	0.618
Drinking history	2 (2.4)	4 (2.8)	1	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1
Medication history
Anti-platelet therapy	6 (7.2)	5 (3.5)	0.22	1 (2.9)	2 (3.2)	1
Anti-coagulant therapy	7 (8.4)	4 (2.8)	0.104	3 (8.6)	1 (1.6)	0.132

CT: Computed tomography; IQR: Interquartile range; BP: Blood pressure; GCS: Glasgow score; NIHSS: National Institute of Health stroke scale.