Predicting hematoma growth in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A simplified non-contrast computed tomography based five-point grading approach

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World Journal of Radiology

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1949-8470

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World J Radiol. Sep 28, 2025; 17(9): 112983
Published online Sep 28, 2025. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v17.i9.112983

Table 3 Imaging characteristics as per island sign, swirl sign, black hole sign

Variable	IS/SS/BS (+)	IS/SS/BS (-)	P value
Imaging characteristics as per island sign
Baseline hematoma volume (mL), mean ± SD	40.9 ± 27.03	24.5 ± 26.08	0.005^a
HE, n (%)	56 (90.3)	50 (38.5)	< 0.001^a
Imaging characteristics as per swirl sign
Baseline hematoma volume (mL), mean ± SD	37.9 ± 21.62	25.4 ± 23.97	0.031^a
HE, n (%)	32 (72.7)	74 (50.0)	0.049^a
Imaging characteristics as per black hole sign
Baseline hematoma volume (mL), mean ± SD	35.8 ± 21.98	26.1 ± 18.85	0.045^a
HE, n (%)	42 (72.4)	64 (47.8)	0.026^a

^aP < 0.05.

IS: Island sign; SS: Swirl sign; BS: Black hole sign; HE: Hematoma expansion.

Citation: Parry AH, Fatima SA, Wani M, Jehangir M, Farooq O, Wagay MI, Ashraf O, Hakeem AA. Predicting hematoma growth in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A simplified non-contrast computed tomography based five-point grading approach. World J Radiol 2025; 17(9): 112983
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8470/full/v17/i9/112983.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v17.i9.112983

Parry AH, Fatima SA, Wani M, Jehangir M, Farooq O, Wagay MI, Ashraf O, Hakeem AA. Predicting hematoma growth in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A simplified non-contrast computed tomography based five-point grading approach. World J Radiol 2025; 17(9): 112983 [PMID: 41025065 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v17.i9.112983]

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