Advances in ultrasound-based imaging for diagnosis of endometrial cancer

Table 1 QUADAS-2 quality assessment

Ref.	Imaging modality	Patient selection	Index test	Reference standard	Flow and timing	Overall risk of bias
Tameish et al[24], 2023	TVUS vs MRI	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low risk
Jacobs et al[25], 2011	TVUS	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Some concerns
Bian et al[26], 2023	Elastography	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low risk
Ziogas et al[27], 2022	3D-US	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low risk
Xydias et al[28], 2022	3D-US	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Some concerns
Stoelinga et al[29], 2021	Contrast-enhanced US	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low risk
Guler et al[30], 2024	Elastography	Unclear	Low	Low	Unclear	Some concerns
Moro et al[38], 2022	AI	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Some concerns
Jin and Zhou[37], 2025	TVUS vs MRI	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low risk
Tameish et al[24], 2023	Two-dimensional-US	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear	High risk
Jacobs et al[25], 2011	TVUS	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low risk
Wu et al[34], 2020	AI (breast US)	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low risk
Song et al[33], 2022	AI (renal US)	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low risk
Zheng et al[31], 2024	AI (thyroid US)	Low	Low	Unclear	Low	Some concerns
Mohit et al[32], 2023	AI review	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	Not applicable
Nathani et al[35], 2024	AI (pulmonology US)	Unclear	Low	Low	Unclear	Some concerns
Bajaj et al[36], 2021	AI (intravascular US)	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low risk

AI: Artificial intelligence; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; N/A: Not applicable; TVUS: Transvaginal ultrasound; US: Ultrasound; 3D-US: Three-dimensional ultrasound.