Developmental venous anomalies and cerebral cavernous malformations: Partners in crime

BPG is committed to discovery and dissemination of knowledge

Home / Archive / Volume 17, Issue 12

Peer-Review Report of This Article

CrossCheck and Google Search of This Article

Academic Rules and Norms of This Article

Citation of this article

Corresponding Author of This Article

Research Domain of This Article

Article-Type of This Article

Open-Access Policy of This Article

Times Cited Counts in Google of This Article

Journal Information of This Article

Publication Name

World Journal of Radiology

ISSN

1949-8470

Publisher of This Article

Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Review

World J Radiol. Dec 28, 2025; 17(12): 114595
Published online Dec 28, 2025. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v17.i12.114595

Table 1 Demonstration of the Zabramski classification system for cavernous malformations

	T1	T2	GRE/SWI	Clinical manifestation
I (subacute hemorrhagic lesions)	Hyperintense center	Hyper or hypointense center, surrounded by a hypointense (hemosiderin) rim	-	Usually symptomatic
II (classic “popcorn-like” lesions)	Heterogeneous signal	Heterogeneous and hypointense (hemosiderin) rim	Hypointense (hemosiderin) rim with blooming	The most prevalent type of cavernous malformation; recurrent asymptomatic or symptomatic episodes
III (chronic lesions)	Hypointense or isointense	Hypointense or isointense	Hypointense rim with blooming (marked hemosiderin deposition)	Clinically silent
IV (punctate lesions)	Poorly seen	Poorly seen	Small, punctate hypointense foci	Asymptomatic

GRE: T2-weighted gradient-echo; SWI: Susceptibility-weighted imaging.

Citation: Arkoudis NA, Siderakis M, Tsetsou I, Efthymiou E, Triantafyllou G, Chalmoukis D, Karachaliou A, Papadopoulos A, Prountzos S, Moschovaki-Zeiger O, Gouliopoulos N, Papakonstantinou O, Filippiadis D, Velonakis G. Developmental venous anomalies and cerebral cavernous malformations: Partners in crime. World J Radiol 2025; 17(12): 114595
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8470/full/v17/i12/114595.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v17.i12.114595

Arkoudis NA, Siderakis M, Tsetsou I, Efthymiou E, Triantafyllou G, Chalmoukis D, Karachaliou A, Papadopoulos A, Prountzos S, Moschovaki-Zeiger O, Gouliopoulos N, Papakonstantinou O, Filippiadis D, Velonakis G. Developmental venous anomalies and cerebral cavernous malformations: Partners in crime. World J Radiol 2025; 17(12): 114595 [PMID: 41480286 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v17.i12.114595]

All content on this site: Copyright © 1993-2026 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, its licensors, and contributors. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For all open access content, the relevant licensing terms apply.