Interpretable model based on multisequence magnetic resonance imaging radiomics for predicting the pathological grades of hepatocellular carcinomas

Table 2 Comparison of the clinical characteristics between the training and validation groups, n (%)

Clinical features	Training group (n = 87)		Validation group (n = 38)		P value
	Nonpoorly differentiated HCC (n = 73)	Poorly differentiated HCC (n = 14)	Nonpoorly differentiated HCC (n = 32)	Poorly differentiated HCC (n = 6)
Age (years)	55.00 (48.00, 65.00)	52.50 (44.50, 64.00)	53.50 (47.75, 63.25)	58.00 (37.00, 64.75)	0.621
NLR	2.56 (2.07, 3.33)	3.09 (2.50, 3.75)	2.86 (1.85, 5.66)	4.67 (2.88, 6.95)	0.185
PLR	94.83 (70.66, 134.21)	129.27 (120.54, 177.77)	128.36 (75.52, 194.57)	155.89 (140.21, 222.43)	0.063
LMR	3.98 (2.97, 4.58)	3.03 (2.43, 3.58)	3.53 (1.98, 4.44)	1.94 (1.41, 2.68)	0.041
Maximum tumor diameter (cm)	4.60 (3.10, 6.10)	8.30 (6.30, 10.57)	5.65 (4.52, 7.73)	9.20 (6.10, 10.43)	0.052
AST (U/L)	40.00 (30.00, 68.00)	42.50 (29.50, 66.50)	44.00 (38.00, 64.25)	81.50 (65.25, 86.50)	0.102
ALT (U/L)	32.00 (21.00, 59.00)	45.00 (24.75, 58.25)	34.50 (23.75, 49.50)	57.00 (26.00, 74.50)	0.906
GGT (U/L)	62.00 (30.00, 112.00)	81.50 (25.75, 254.75)	87.00 (43.80, 150.75)	363.00 (131.00, 600.25)	0.058
NEU (109/L)	3.49 (2.78, 4.33)	5.29 (3.34, 7.73)	4.02 (2.43, 6.06)	4.87 (4.38, 5.61)	0.399
LYMPH (109/L)	1.34 (1.05, 1.72)	1.34 (1.10, 2.08)	1.27 (0.88, 1.49)	1.25 (0.91, 1.50)	0.125
PLT (109/L)	136.00 (100.00, 180.00)	193.50 (137.75, 224.50)	156.50 (109.25, 203.00)	198.00 (190.50, 203.25)	0.251
MONO (109/L)	0.39 (0.30, 0.46)	0.42 (0.38, 0.72)	0.40 (0.31, 0.48)	0.69 (0.59, 0.80)	0.263
A/G ratio	1.29 (1.13, 1.53)	1.18 (0.96, 1.41)	1.31 (1.21, 1.44)	1.08 (1.01, 1.10)	0.646
Sex					0.214
Female	6 (8.22)	3 (21.43)	6 (18.75)	1 (16.67)
Male	67 (91.78)	11 (78.57)	26 (81.25)	5 (83.33)
Portal vein tumor thrombus					0.400
No	63 (86.30)	9 (64.29)	27 (84.38)	2 (33.33)
Yes	10 (13.70)	5 (35.71)	5 (15.62)	4 (66.67)
Lymph node metastasis					0.674
No	63 (86.30)	10 (71.43)	31 (96.88)	2 (33.33)
Yes	10 (13.70)	4 (28.57)	1 (3.12)	4 (66.67)
Liver cirrhosis					0.385
No	14 (19.18)	7 (50.00)	11 (34.38)	1 (16.67)
Yes	59 (80.82)	7 (50.00)	21 (65.62)	5 (83.33)
HBV					0.336
No	8 (10.96)	7 (50.00)	2 (6.25)	2 (33.33)
Yes	65 (89.04)	7 (50.00)	30 (93.75)	4 (66.67)
AFP (ng/mL)					0.276
< 400	48 (65.75)	9 (64.29)	18 (56.25)	3 (50.00)
≥ 400	25 (34.25)	5 (35.71)	14 (43.75)	3 (50.00)
ALBI grade					0.642
1	38 (52.05)	5 (35.71)	14 (43.75)	4 (66.67)
2	15 (20.55)	6 (42.86)	10 (31.25)	2 (33.33)
3	20 (27.40)	3 (21.43)	8 (25.00)	0 (0.00)

HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; LMR: Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; NEU: Neutrophil count; PLT: Platelet count; MONO: Monocyte count; LYMPH: Lymphocyte count; A/G ratio: Albumin-globulin ratio; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; ALBI: Albumin-bilirubin index.