Large language models and large concept models in radiology: Present challenges, future directions, and critical perspectives

Figure 1 The conceptual shift from large language models to large concept models. This diagram illustrates the fundamental difference in processing. Large language models operate via a sequential, token-based analysis, leading to potential context fragmentation and struggles with long-range dependencies. Large concept models operate on a relational, conceptual level, building a deeper relational understanding and maintaining coherence across longer contexts. LLM: Large language model; LCM: Large concept model.