Traditional craniotomy versus current minimally invasive surgery for spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage: A propensity-matched analysis

Table 4 Clinical characteristics and outcome of patients undergoing spontaneous supratentorial cerebral haemorrhage surgery after propensity system matching, n (%)

Characteristic	Surgical procedures		P value	χ²/Z/t value
	Minimally invasive	Craniotomy
Mean age (years)	58.81 ± 10.848	59.01 ± 10.044	0.909	0.115
Age (years)
< 59.5	37 (27.2)	34 (25.0)	0.607	0.265
> 59.5	31 (22.8)	34 (25.0)
Sex
Female	35 (25.7)	30 (22.1)	0.391	0.737
Male	33 (24.3)	38 (27.9)
Admission Glasgow Coma Scale score
≤ 8	29 (21.3)	28 (20.6)	0.862	0.03
> 8	39 (28.7)	40 (29.4)
Left/Right side
Left	28 (20.6)	28 (20.6)	> 0.999	0
Right	40 (29.4)	40 (29.4)
Deep cerebral hemorrhage	45 (33.1)	43 (31.6)	0.720	0.129
Systolic blood pressure on admission (mm Hg)	172.9 ± 27.98	171.16 ± 35.59	0.750	0.319
Smoking	23 (16.9)	19 (14.0)	0.458	0.551
Alcohol abuse	14 (10.3)	14 (10.3)	> 0.999	0
Hypertension	45 (33.1)	46 (33.8)	0.855	0.033
Coronary atherosclerosis	8 (5.9)	8 (5.9)	> 0.999	0
Diabetes	9 (6.6)	7 (5.1)	0.595	0.283
High blood fat disease	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	> 0.999	0
Lower extremity vein thrombosis	12 (8.8)	15 (11.0)	0.519	0.416
Lung infection	60 (44.1)	58 (42.6)	0.613	0.256
Pulmonary embolism	1 (0.7)	1 (0.7)	> 0.999	0
Intracranial infection	1 (0.7)	0 (0.0)	0.317	1
Postoperative cerebral infarction	6 (4.4)	8 (5.9)	0.573	0.319
Lower extremity pneumatic compression therapy	66 (48.5)	64 (47.1)	0.405	0.832
Heparin-like drug	9 (6.6)	9 (6.6)	> 0.999	0
Rivaroxaban	5 (3.7)	5 (3.7)	> 0.999	0
Hematoma volume, mL
First quartile (< 28)	17 (12.5)	6 (4.4)	0.095	6.376
Quarter 2 (28-42)	19 (14.0)	24 (17.6)
Quarter 3 (42-64)	18 (13.2)	22 (16.2)
Quarter 4 (≥ 64)	14 (10.3)	16 (11.8)
Hematoma clearance rate	89 (88, 92)	89 (87, 91)	0.519	0.645
Admission D-dimer levels (mg/L)	1.2 (0.65, 2.52)	1.02 (0.48, 2.76)	0.318	0.999
Postoperative D-dimer mean levels (mg/L)	2.57 (1.33, 5.68)	2.48 (1.38, 5.03)	0.606	0.516
Outcome
Favorable outcome	50 (36.8)	42 (30.9)	0.143	2.15
Unfavorable outcome	18 (13.2)	26 (19.1)
Survival within 1 year
Live	51 (37.5)	43 (31.6)	0.138	2.205
Dead	17 (12.5)	25 (18.4)