Contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography features and histogram analysis can differentiate ameloblastomas from central giant cell granulomas

Table 1 Comparison of the various multidetector computed tomography imaging features between ameloblastoma and central giant cell granuloma

MDCT features		Pathology				Fisher’s exact test (exact sig. two-sided)
		Ameloblastoma		CGCG
		Count	% of all cases	Count	% of all cases
Zone wise location (figure × for reference)	1, 2, 3	9	27.3 (14.4–43.9)	1	8.3 (0.9–32.8)	< 0.0001a
	1	0	0.00%	6	50 (24.3–75.7)
	1, 2	4	12.1 (4.2–26.3)	0	0.00%
	2	0	0.00%	3	25 (7.6–52.9)
	2,3	6	18.2 (8–33.7)	0	0.00%
	3	14	42.4 (26.8–59.3)	2	16.7 (3.6–43.6)
Density	Mixed	13	39.4 (24.2–56.4)	9	75 (47.1–92.4)	0.036a
	Lytic	20	60.6 (43.6–75.8)	3	25 (7.6–52.9)
Multilocularity; 1-Unilocular with 1 or 2 thin septae/2-Multilocular/3-Honeycombing	1	22	66.7 (49.7–80.8)	3	25 (7.6–52.9)	0.047a
	2	8	24.2 (12.2–40.6)	7	58.3 (31.2–82)
	3	3	9.1 (2.6–22.3)	2	16.7 (3.6–43.6)
Bucco-lingual expansion	1	33	100.00%	12	100.00%	-
Solid component	Absent	6	18.2 (8–33.7)	1	8.3 (0.9–32.8)	0.309
	Present	27	81.8 (66.3–92)	11	91.7 (67.2–99.1)
Cortical erosion	Thinning	1	3 (0.3–13.3)	1	8.3 (0.9–32.8)	1.000
	Erosion	32	97 86.7–99.7)	11	91.7 (67.2–99.1)
Angle involved (of lesions in mandible)	No	14	50 (32.2–67.8)	8	100.00%	0.013a
	Yes	14	50 (32.2–67.8)	0	0.00%
Inferior alveolar canal displacement	No	3	14.3 (4.2–33.4)	2	25 (5.6–59.2)	0.597
	Yes	18	85.7 (66.6–95.8)	6	75 (40.8–94.4)
Status of overlying teeth; Missing-0/Adjoining roots-1/Present-2	0	19	57.6 (40.7–73.2)	8	72.7 (43.5–91.7)	0.152
	1	12	36.4 21.6–53.4)	1	9.1 (1–35.3)
	2	2	6.1 (1.3–18.1)	2	18.2 (4–46.7)
Inferior alveolar canal erosion	No	2	9.5 (2–27.2)	3	37.5 (11.9–70.5)	0.112
	Yes	19	90.5 (72.8–98)	5	62.5 (29.5–88.1)
Adjacent fat stranding	Absent	27	81.8 (66.3–92)	10	83.3 (56.4–96.4)	1.000
	Present	6	18.2 (8–33.7)	2	16.7 (3.6–43.6)
Adjacent muscle thickening	Absent	26	78.8 (62.8–90)	11	91.7 (67.2–99.1)	0.419
	Present	7	21.2 (10–37.2)	1	8.3 (0.9–32.8)
Extent of enhancement of soft tissue component in venous phase; 0-cystic/1- hypoenhancing/2- isoenhancing/3- hyperenhancing	0	6	22.2 (9.8–40.2)	0	0.00%	0.013a
	2	17	63 (44.2–79.1)	4	50 (19.9–80.1)
	3	1	3.7 (0.4–16)	4	50 (19.9–80.1)
	1	3	11.1 (3.2–26.8)	0	0.00%
Amount of solid component	> 75%	9	33.3 (17.9–52.1)	6	75 (40.8–94.4)	0.061
	0- < 10%	8	29.6 (15.1–48.2)	0	0.00%
	10%-25%	3	11.1 (3.2–26.8)	0	0.00%
	25%-50%	5	18.5 (7.4–35.9)	0	0.00%
	50%-75%	2	7.4 (1.6–21.7)	2	25 (5.6–59.2)
Matrix mineralisation; Mineralised osteoid-1; Absent- 2; Thick septae with associated matrix-3; Thin bony septa- 4	1	1	3 (0.3–13.3)	3	25 (7.6–52.9)	0.004a
	2	23	69.7 (52.9–83.2)	2	16.7 (3.6–43.6)
	3	4	12.1 (4.2–26.3)	3	25 (7.6–52.9)
	4	5	15.2 (6–30.1)	4	33.3 (12.5–61.2)
Diameter		33	5.1(4.5–6)	12	3.7(2.1–4.8)	0.011a
Volume		33	35.9 (23.05–47.59)	12	10.31 (3.67–59.37)	0.027a

^aStatistically significant.

CGCG: Central giant cell granulomas; MDCT: Multidetector computed tomography.