Association between high cystatin C levels and carotid atherosclerosis

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population

Variables	Median (min, max) or n (%)
Age (yr)	70 (39, 87)
Sex (male)	98 (77)
Body-mass index (kg/m2)	24.2 (15.1, 38)
Lifestyle-related items
Current smokers	23 (18)
Alcohol consumers	78 (61)
No exercise habits	90 (70)
Visceral fat area (cm2)	125.2 (22.9, 281.7)
Clinical history
Ischemic heart disease, n (%)	6 (5)
Blood pressure
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	122 (92, 156)
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	68 (50, 86)
Diagnosed hypertension	61 (48)
Lipid metabolism
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	194.5 (115, 727)
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	54 (30, 96)
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	111 (41, 205)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	99.5 (37, 593)
Diagnosed dyslipidemia	72 (56)
Glucose metabolism
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)	93.5 (74, 226)
Hemoglobin A1c (%)	5.3 (4.5, 8.3)
Diagnosed diabetes mellitus	29 (23)
Kidney function
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.75 (0.38, 1.36)
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min per 1.73 m2)	78.4 (38.9, 122.6)
Cystatin C (mg/L)	0.78 (0.49, 1.45)
Carotid ultrasonography
Right common carotid artery plaque thickness (mm)	0 (0, 3.6)
Right carotid bulb-internal carotid artery plaque thickness (mm)	1.5 (0, 5.5)
Left common carotid artery plaque thickness (mm)	0 (0, 2.8)
Left carotid bulb-internal carotid artery plaque thickness (mm)	1.5 (0, 4.2)
Right common carotid artery maximum intima- media thickness (mm)	1.0 (0.6, 1.9)
Left common carotid artery maximum intima- media thickness (mm)	1.0 (0.7, 2.3)