Relationship between coronary calcium score and high-risk plaque/significant stenosis

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of studied patients n (%)

CCS	0	1-100	101-400	> 400	P
n	154	198	165	134
Age	63.1 ± 11.7	68.2 ± 8.5	69.6 ± 9.8	71.5 ± 8.1	< 0.0001
Male sex	76 (49.4)	137 (69.2)	121 (73.3)	98 (73.1)	< 0.0001
Risk factor
Hypertension	85 (55.2)	125 (63.1)	115 (69.7)	99 (73.9)	0.0045
Dyslipidemia	88 (57.1)	124 (62.6)	105 (63.4)	82 (61.2)	0.6484
Diabetes	53 (34.4)	76 (38.4)	65 (39.4)	76 (56.7)	0.0007
Stroke	36 (23.4)	58 (29.3)	58 (35.2)	58 (43.3)	0.0024
CKD	30 (19.5)	47 (23.7)	47 (28.5)	43 (32.1)	0.07
BMI (kg/m2)	25.7 ± 3.7	24.4 ± 2.6	24.2 ± 3.7	23.8 ± 4.8	0.2514
Laboratory data
HbA1c (mmol/mol)	46.1 ± 13.4	47.4 ± 14.5	48.5 ± 13.0	48.9 ± 12.0	0.3286
BS (mmol/L)	7.43 ± 2.37	7.73 ± 2.44	7.94 ± 2.39	8.52 ± 2.99	0.0333
TC (mmol/L)	5.24 ± 0.99	5.13 ± 0.99	4.95 ± 0.98	4.72 ± 0.87	0.0054
TG (mmol/L)	1.69 ± 1.12	1.63 ± 1.01	1.73 ± 0.94	1.72 ± 0.90	0.8925
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.50 ± 0.51	1.47 ± 0.43	1.29 ± 0.30	1.41 ± 0.39	0.0084
LDL-C (mmol/L)	3.18 ± 0.86	2.93 ± 0.91	2.96 ± 0.85	2.68 ± 0.72	0.0023
Cr (μmol/L)	69.0 ± 28.3	73.4 ± 19.4	75.1 ± 17.7	78.7 ± 21.2	0.0481
Medication
ARB/ACE-I	70 (45.5)	101 (51.0)	98 (59.4)	97 (72.4)	< 0.0001
CCB	53 (34.4)	98 (49.5)	96 (58.2)	95 (70.9)	< 0.0001
Diuretics	5 (3.2)	10 (5.1)	9 (5.5)	7 (5.2)	0.7883
Beta-blocker	3 (1.9)	5 (2.5)	3 (1.8)	4 (3.0)	0.9096
Aspirin	37 (24.0)	60 (30.3)	61 (37.0)	60 (44.8)	0.0013
Statin	85 (55.2)	119 (60.1)	100 (60.6)	79 (59.0)	0.7559
Oral diabetics	51 (33.1)	76 (38.4)	65 (39.4)	76 (56.7)	0.0004
Insulin	10 (6.5)	15 (7.6)	16 (9.7)	19 (14.2)	0.112

CCS: Coronary calcium score; ACE-I: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI: Body mass index; BS: Blood sugar; CCB: Calcium channel blocker; DM: Diabetes mellitus; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride.