Thrombosis in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: Insights from thrombi retrieved by aspiration thrombectomy

Table 1 Studies evaluating aspirated thrombus characteristics of ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction patients

Ref.	Main comparison/subject	n	Results
Quadros et al[31]	White vs red thrombus	113	Mortality (0% vs 10.1%; P = 0.05), size (0.4 ± 0.2 vs 0.6 ± 0.4 mm, P < 0.001), fibrin (68% ± 19% vs 44% ± 18%, P < 0.001), ischemic time (4.5 ± 2.3 h vs 6.1 ± 3.1 h, P = 0.01)
Rittersma et al[14]	Age of intracoronary thrombi	199	Organized: 9%, lytic changes: 35%, fresh: 49%, both fresh and organized: 7%
Kramer et al[26]	Older vs fresh thrombus	1315	All-cause mortality at 4 yr (16.2% vs 7.4%, hazard ratio: 1.82, 95%CI: 1.17-2.85, P = 0.008)
Silvain et al[15]	Composition of coronary thrombus and its association with ischemic time	45	Fibrin content: 48.4% ± 21% (< 3 h) up to 66.9% ± 9% (> 6 h) (P = 0.02)
Iwata et al[36]	Restenosis vs without Restenosis	108	CD34-positive primitive cells (5.10% ± 0.66% vs 1.88% ± 0.24%, P < 0.01)
Sambola et al[37]	Thrombus resistant to fibrinolysis vs sensible to lysis	20	Rescue PCI: Significantly higher levels of fibrin (P = 0.016), P-selectin (P = 0.03) and VWF (P = 0.03) than patients who were underwent to primary PCI
Yamashita et al[38]	Thrombosis in diabetics vs non diabetics	50	Paucity of CD34-positive cells and higher expression of HMGB-1 in diabetics

PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; VWF: Von willebrand factor; HMGB-1: High-mobility group box-1.