Congenital coronary artery fistulas complicated with pulmonary hypertension: Analysis of 211 cases

Table 2 Asian and Caucasian group of patients (n = 49) with pulmonary hypertension

	Total group	Asian group	Caucasian group
n	49	15 (31%)	34 (69%)
Age1	56 (16-80)	54.4 (24-77)	56.8 (16-80)
Gender	F 34 (69%)	F 12 (80%)	F 22 (65%)
	M 15 (31%)	M 3 (20%)	M 12(35%)
CAF
Unilateral	37 (76%)	9 (60%)	28 (82%)
Bilateral	12 (24%)	6 (40%)	6 (18%)
PHT
Mild	26 (53%)	8/15 (53%)	18/34 (53%)
Moderate	11 (22%)	2/15 (13%)	9/34 (26%)
Severe	12 (25%)	5/15 (33%)	7/34 (21%)
Mean PAP (mmHg)	35.6 (range 26-60)	36.9 (range 27-49)	34.3 (range 26-60)
Mean Qp:Qs ratio	1.9 (range 1.13-2.75)	1.9 (range 1.13-2.75)	1.9 (range 1.3-2.7)
RHC	43 (88%)	13 (87%)	30 (88%)
Doppler (sPAP)	6 (12%)	2 (13%)	4 (12%)
CAF characteristics
Origin	R 8, L 30, bilateral 11	R 2, L 8, bilateral 5	R 6, L 22, bilateral 6
Termination	RH side 45 LH side 4	RH side 13 LH side 2	RH side 32 LH side 2
Mode of termination
CVFs	37 (76%)	9/15 (60%)	28/34 (82%)
CCFs	12 (24%)	6/15 (40%)	6/34 (18%)
Associated disorders	17/49 (35%)	5/15 (33%)	12/34 (35%)
Management
SL	30 (61%)	9	21
PTE	13 (27%)	4	92
CMM	6 (12%)	2	4

¹Subjects from ref. [35] were not included in calculation of mean age. Mean age was calculated from 170 (70 Asian and 100 Caucasian) subjects.

²One PTE failed (from ref. [147]) followed by SL treatment and another treated with hybrid procedures (from ref. [133]). CAF: Coronary artery fistula; CCFs: Coronary-cameral fistulas; CVFs: Coronary-vascular fistulas; CMM: Conservative medical management; F: Female; R: Right coronary artery; L: Left coronary artery; LH: Left heart side; M: Male; PAP: Pulmonary artery pressure; PHT: Pulmonary hypertension; PTE: Percutaneous therapeutic embolization; RH: Right heart side; RHC: Right heart catheterization; SL: Surgical ligation; sPAP: Systolic pulmonary artery pressure.