Congenital coronary artery fistulas complicated with pulmonary hypertension: Analysis of 211 cases

Table 1 Reviewed Asian (n = 111) and Caucasian (n = 100) group of patients

	Total reviewed subjects	Asian group	Caucasian group
n	211	111 (53%)	100 (47%)
Gender	F 124 (59%)	F 63 (57%)	F 61 (61%)
	M 87 (41%)	M 48 (43%)	M 39 (39%)
Mean age (range)1, yr	49.4 (16-85)	48.9 (19-83)	49.9 (16-85)
CAF characteristics
Unilateral	118 (56%)	42 (38%)	76 (76%)
Bilateral	87 (41%)	63 (57%)	24 (24%)
Multilateral	6 (3%)	6 (5%)	-
Mode of termination
CVFs	90 (43%)	43 (39%)	47 (47%)
CCFs	121 (57%)	68 (61%)	53 (53%)
RHC	201 (95%)	107 (96%)	94 (94%)
sPAP/RVSP	10 (5%)	4 (4%)	6 (6%)
Management
CMM	38	20	18
PTE2	29	9 (8%)	20 (20%)
SL	124 (59%)	82 (74%)	42 (42%)
WW	2	-	2
Death	2	-	2
Not mentioned	16	-	16

¹Subjects (n = 41) from ref. [35] were not included in calculation of mean age (n = 170, 70 Asian and 100 Caucasian).

²In one patient, PTE failed followed by SL treatment (ref. [147]) and another treated with hybrid procedures (ref. [133]). CAF: Coronary artery fistula; CCFs: Coronary-cameral fistulas; CVFs: Coronary-vascular fistulas; CMM: Conservative medical management; F: Female; M: Male; PTE: Percutaneous therapeutic embolization; RHC: Right heart catheterization; SL: Surgical ligation; sPAP: Systolic pulmonary artery pressure; RVSP: Right ventricular systolic pressure.