Coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Recent treatment strategies and future perspectives

Table 1 Clinical trials of percutaneous coronary intervention with coronary artery bypass grafting in diabetic patients

Trial	Type of trial years of recruitment	Number of study population	Type of PCI	Endpoint	Main results (PCI vs CABG)
ARTS I[12]	Randomized	208	BMS	1 yr freedom from death, stroke, MI or revascularization)	63.4% vs 84.4% (P < 0.001)
	1997-1998
MASS II[13]	Randomized	115	N/A	1 yr death	5.3% vs 6.8% (P = 0.5)
	1995-2000
BARI-2D[14]	Randomized	1605	1st DES: 34.7%	5 yr freedom from death, MI, repeat revascularization	PCI vs medical (77.0 vs 78.9; P = 0.15)
	Comparison between revascularization and medical		BMS: 56.0%		CABG vs medical (77.6% vs 69.5%; P = 0.01)
	2001-2005		Others: 9.3%		P for interaction 0.002
CARDIa[15]	Randomized	510	1st DES: 61%	1 yr death, stroke, or MI	13.0% vs 10.5% (P = 0.39)
	2002-2007		BMS: 31%
SYNTAX[16]	Randomized	452	1st DES	5 yr death, stroke, MI, or revascularization	46.5% vs 29.0% (P < 0.001)
	2005-2007
FREEDOM[17]	Randomized	1900	1st DES	5 yr death	16.3% vs 10.9% (P = 0.049)
	2005-2010			5 yr death, nonfatal MI, or nonfatal stroke	26.6% vs 18.7% (P = 0.005)

PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG: Coronary artery bypass grafting; DES: Drug-eluting stent; ARTS: Arterial revasucularization Therapies Study; BMS: Bare metal stent; MACE: Major adverse cardiovascular event; MI: Myocardial infarction; MASS: Medicine, Angioplasty, or Surgery Study; 1^st DES: First generation DES.