©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Cardiol. Nov 26, 2015; 7(11): 742-753
Published online Nov 26, 2015. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i11.742
Published online Nov 26, 2015. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v7.i11.742
Table 1 Demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors associated with arterial stiffness
| Age[7] |
| Sex[110] |
| Established cardiovascular disease[3] |
| Potential risk factors for atherosclerosis |
| Hypertension[11] |
| Dyslipidemia[2] |
| Cigarette smoking[63] |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[111] |
| Diabetes[14] |
| Obesity[3] |
| Obstructive sleep apnea[106] |
| Menopause[110] |
| Polycystic ovarian syndrome[112] |
| Hypothyroidism[113] |
| Chronic kidney disease[23] |
| Endothelial dysfunction[27] |
| Systemic inflammation[99] |
| Cytomegalovirus infection[114] |
| Nutritional and lifestyle aspects |
| Caffeine[115] |
| Chronic alcohol consumption[116] |
| Sedentary lifestyle[58] |
| Resistance exercise training[61] |
| Genes variants |
| Genes of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system[33] |
| Genes of the extracellular matrix proteins[33] |
- Citation: Wu CF, Liu PY, Wu TJ, Hung Y, Yang SP, Lin GM. Therapeutic modification of arterial stiffness: An update and comprehensive review. World J Cardiol 2015; 7(11): 742-753
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v7/i11/742.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v7.i11.742