Cardiomyopathies: Evolution of pathogenesis concepts and potential for new therapies

Table 1 American Heart Association classification for cardiomyopathies

Primary	Genetic	HCM/ARVC/LVNC/Conduction defects/Mitochondrial myopathies/ion channel disorders
cardiomyopathies	Mixed	DCM/restrictive
	Acquired	Inflammatory/Tako-Tsubo/Peripartum/Tachycardia induced/Infants of IDDM mothers
Secondary	Infiltrative	Amyloidosis, Gauchers, Hurler’s, Hunter’s
cardiomyopathies	Storage	Fabry’s, Glycogen storage disease, Niemann-Pick disease, haemochromatosis
	Toxicity	Drugs, heavy metals
	Endomyocardial	EMF, Loeffler’s endocarditis
	Inflammatory	Sarcoidosis
	Endocrine	Diabetes, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism
	Cardiofacial	Noonan’s, lentiginosis
	Neuromuscular	Friedreich’s ataxia, Duchenne-Becker muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy
	Nutritional	Beriberi, scurvy, selenium
	Autoimmune	SLE, dermatomyositis, scleroderma
	Consequence of cancer therapy	Anthracyclines, radiation, cyclophosphamide,

ARVC: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia; DCM: Dilated cardiomyopathy; HCM: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; LVNC: Left ventricular non-compaction; EMF: Endomyocardial fibrosis.