Clinical significance of glycated hemoglobin in the acute phase of ST elevation myocardial infarction

Table 1 Prevalence of glucose intolerance in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Ref.	Patients	Methods	Prevalence	Results
Norhammar et al[40], 2002	81 non diabetic AMI patients	OGTT	Diabetes: 31% IGT: 35%	HbA1c on admission was independent predictor of glucose intolerance at 3 mo (P = 0.024)
Ishihara et al[53], 2006	200 non diabetic patients with AMI	OGTT	Diabetes: 27%	Fasting glucose and HbA1c were independent predictors of abnormal glucose tolerance, but admission glucose was not.
Gustafsson et al[12], 2007	2841 patients with heart failure complicating AMI	HbA1c	History of diabetes: 17% HbA1c < 4.9%: 58% HbA1c 4.9%-5.1%: 15% HbA1c > 5.1%: 10%	In non diabetic patients, a 1% absolute increase in HbA1c level at baseline resulted in a 24% increase in mortality In diabetic patients, the level of HbA1c had no impact on mortality
Rasoul et al[11], 2007	504 non diabetic STEMI	HbA1c	HbA1c < 6.0%: 82.5% HbA1c > 6.0%: 17.5%	HbA1c was not associated with 30-d mortality
Cakmak et al[13], 2008	100 non diabetic patients with AMI treated with thrombolysis; patients on antidiabetic therapy excluded	HbA1c	HbA1c 4.5-6.4%: 25% HbA1c 6.5-8.5%: 28% HbA1c > 8.5%: 47%	Admission HbA1c was significantly correlated with mortality (P = 0.009)
Knudsen et al[47], 2009	224 non diabetic STEMI	OGTT	Abnormal glucose regulation: 46.9% in the early phase 24.9% at 3 mo	High levels of HbA1c and admission plasma glucose in-hospital significantly predicted abnormal glucose regulation at 3 mo (P < 0.001)
Timmer et al[31], 2011	4176 non diabetic STEMI patients	HbA1c quartiles	IQR1 ≤ 5.35%: 27% IQR2 5.6%-5.54%: 24% IQR3 5.55%-5.80%: 25% IQR4 ≥ 5.81%: 24%	HbA1c (hazard ratio, 1.2 per interquartile range; P < 0.01), but not glucose, was independently associated with long-term mortality
Lazzeri et al[15], 2012	518 non diabetic STEMI patients	HbA1c	HbA1c < 6.5%: 90.4% HbA1 c ≥ 6.5%: 9.6%	HbA1c was not associated with short and long term mortality
Tian et al[22], 2013	608 STEMI	Hb1c groups	I: HbA1c ≤ 5.6%: 43% II: HbA1c 5.7%-6.4%: 30% III: HbA1c ≥ 6.5%: 27%	After adjusting the baseline characteristics, HbA1c was not an independent predictor of short-term outcomes (HR = 0.431; 95%CI: 0.175-1.061, P = 0.067)
Lazzeri et al[32], 2013	1204 STEMI patients	HbA1c	Diabetic patients: 22.9% patients without known diabetes: HbA1c < 6.5%: 70.1% HbA1c ≥ 6.5%: 6.5%	At Cox regression analysis, HbA1c ≥ 6.5% was not related to 1-yr post discharge mortality in diabetic and in non diabetic patients

HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin A1c; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; AMI: Acute myocardial infarction; IGT: Impaired glucose tolerance; STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; IQR: Interquartile range.