Corruption of coronary collateral growth in metabolic syndrome: Role of oxidative stress

Figure 1 Compensatory mechanism of coronary collateral growth/arteriogenesis. A: A non-functioning collateral between parallel circuits in the absence of flow obstruction; B: Following proximal occlusion, there is a pressure drop across the pre-existing collateral stimulated by shear stress-driven redirection of flow; C: A complex intracellular signaling cascade involving various growth factors act in a coordinated manner to facilitate migration and proliferation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells (likely fibroblasts), leading to enlargement/ formation of arteries, arterioles and capillaries.