Triglyceride-glucose index and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic severe heart failure

Table 3 Univariable Cox regression analysis for 5-year all-cause mortality

Variable	HR	95%CI	P value
Age ≥ 65 years	1.92	1.35-2.73	< 0.001
Male sex	0.96	0.68-1.36	0.818
BMI, per 1 kg/m2	0.91	0.87-0.95	< 0.001
Hypertension	1.42	1.00-2.01	0.048
Diabetes mellitus	1.78	1.27-2.50	0.001
Hyperlipidemia	1.24	0.88-1.75	0.214
Prior PCI	1.48	1.00-2.19	0.049
Prior CABG	1.76	1.08-2.87	0.023
DBP, per 1 mmHg	0.985	0.972-0.998	0.024
Hemoglobin, per 10 g/L	0.83	0.76-0.91	< 0.001
NEUT%, per 1%	1.035	1.018-1.052	< 0.001
hs-CRP, per 1 mg/L	1.018	1.002-1.034	0.029
eGFR, per 10 mL/minute/1.73 m2	0.84	0.78-0.91	< 0.001
HbA1c, per 1%	1.15	1.02-1.30	0.026
LVEF, per 5%	0.96	0.89-1.03	0.245
NT-proBNP, per SD increase	1.71	1.33-2.21	< 0.001
ACEI/ARB use	0.67	0.47-0.95	0.026
Beta-blocker use	0.64	0.45-0.91	0.013
TyG index, per 1-unit increase	1.46	1.14-1.87	0.003
High TyG group	1.52	1.08-2.13	0.016

PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG: Coronary artery bypass grafting; BMI: Body mass index; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; NEUT%: Neutrophil percentage; hs-CRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; ACEI: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval; TyG: Triglyceride-glucose.