Cardiovascular aging as a modifiable biological process: Mechanisms, clinical phenotypes, and translational opportunities

doi:10.4330/wjc.124876

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World Journal of Cardiology

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1949-8462

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Cardiol. Aug 26, 2026; 18(8): 124876
Published online Aug 26, 2026. doi: 10.4330/wjc.124876

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Figure 2 Mechanism diagram of aging and cardiovascular diseases. A: Aging and vascular dysfunction; B: Aging and atherosclerosis; C: Aging and myocardial fibrosis; D: Aging and hypertension. SASP: Senescence-associated secretory phenotype; NO: Nitric oxide; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SMA: Smooth muscle actin; eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ET-1: Endothelin-1; IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor α; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β; Ang II: Angiotensin II.

Citation: Liu Q, Wang YF, Geng Y, Zhang P, Lv TT. Cardiovascular aging as a modifiable biological process: Mechanisms, clinical phenotypes, and translational opportunities. World J Cardiol 2026; 18(8): 124876
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v18/i8/124876.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.124876

Liu Q, Wang YF, Geng Y, Zhang P, Lv TT. Cardiovascular aging as a modifiable biological process: Mechanisms, clinical phenotypes, and translational opportunities. World J Cardiol 2026; 18(8): 124876 [DOI: 10.4330/wjc.124876]

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