Mitochondrial ultrastructure in cardiac myocytes is associated with the cardiovascular death in patients with heart failure

Table 4 Results of a comparative analysis of the baseline clinical, anamnestic, and laboratory-instrumental characteristics between the groups of patients who survived (n = 34) and died (n = 6) during the subsequent one-year prospective follow-up, n (%)

Parameter	Group 1 (n = 34)	Group 2 (n = 6)	P value
Age, years	65 (56; 69)	71 (58; 72)	0.098
Gender: Male	29 (85.3)	6 (100)	0.423
Atrial fibrillation	9 (26.5)	3 (50)	0.243
History of myocardial infarction	28 (82.4)	6 (100)	0.264
CCS angina class			0.402
I	5 (14.7)	1 (16.7)
II	13 (38.2)	1 (16.7)
III	16 (47.1)	4 (66.6)
NYHA class			0.392
I	1 (2.9)	1 (16.7)
II	20 (58.8)	2 (33.3)
III	12 (35.3)	3 (50)
IV	1 (2.9)	0
Decompensation of HF over the past year	7 (20.6)	4 (66.7)	0.039
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	9 (26.5)	2 (33.3)	0.536
A history of stroke	2 (5.9)	0	0.719
Body mass index, kg/m2	30 (27; 34)	28 (23; 30)	0.149
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	130 (123; 140)	135 (120; 141)	0.726
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	80 (80; 82)	80 (77.5; 82)	0.999
Heart rate, bpm	72 (62; 78)	72 (68; 86)	0.383
Hemoglobin, g/dL	150 (141; 158)	148 (137; 158)	0.926
Creatinine, mg/dL	94 (76; 103)	100 (88; 109)	0.288
eGFR, mL/minute/m2	75 (62; 88)	70 (60; 76)	0.324
Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L	6.1 (5.2; 6.3)	5.5 (5; 6.8)	0.592
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	4 (3.1; 4.9)	3.7 (2.8; 4.5)	0.592
Triglycerides, mmol/L	1.66 (1.2; 2.2)	1.44 (1; 1.9)	0.541
Low-density lipoproteins, mmol/L	2.2 (1.4; 3)	2.1 (1; 2.7)	0.425
High-density lipoproteins, mmol/L	0.98 (0.8; 1.1)	1 (0.8; 1.2)	0.582
NTproBNP, pg/mL	163 (73; 326)	170 (74; 349)	0.914
LA, mm	43.5 (40; 47)	43 (39; 56)	0.775
LVEDV, mL	176 (130; 206)	184 (150; 188)	0.999
LVESV, mL	111 (73; 140)	122 (89; 134)	0.835
E/e’	11 (8.8; 15)	13 (9; 17)	0.300
LVMI, g/m2	119 (104; 150)	114 (107; 122)	0.483
sPAP, mm Hg	32 (28; 42)	40 (34; 48)	0.103
LVEF, %	39.5 (30; 46)	35 (28; 41)	0.425
SYNTAX score, points	24 (18; 29)	22 (17; 28)	0.449
Number of shunts	3 (3; 3.25)	3 (2; 3.5)	0.823
Complications	18 (52.9)	6 (100)	0.064
Infectious complications	10 (31.3)	2 (40)	0.999
Duration of hospitalization, bed-days	21.5 (19; 27)	27 (23; 34)	0.043
Drug therapy after discharge
Beta-blockers	28 (82.4)	4 (66.6)	0.740
ACE inhibitor	15 (44.1)	2 (33.3)	0.623
ARBs	5 (14.7)	2 (33.3)	0.600
ARNI	10 (29.4)	2 (33.3)	0.848
Any RAAS inhibitor	30 (88)	6 (100)	0.883
iNGLT2	23 (67.6)	3 (50)	0.711
MRAs	25 (73.5)	3 (50)	0.499
Loop diuretics	25 (73.5)	4 (66.6)	0.882
Iron preparations	13 (38.2)	2 (33.3)	0.820

HF: Heart failure; NYHA: The New York Heart Association; CCS: Canadian Cardiovascular Society; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; NT-proBNP: N-terminal fragment of pro B-type natriuretic peptide; LA: Left atrium; LVEDV: Left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV: Left ventricular endsystolic volume; E/e’: Ratio of the maximum rate of early diastolic filling of the mitral flow to the early diastolic rate of movement of the fibrous ring of the mitral valve; LVMI: Left ventricular mass index; sPAP: Systolic pulmonary artery pressure; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; SYNTAX: Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with TAXUS and Cardiac Surgery; ACE: Angiotensin converting enzyme; ARBs: Angiotensin receptor blockers; ARNI: Angiotensin receptors and non-lysine inhibitor; RAAS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; iNGLT2: Type 2 sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitor; MRAs: Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists.