Impact of pre-existing conduction abnormalities on permanent pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A meta-analysis

Figure 3 Forest plot depicting pooled incidence of new permanent pacemaker implantation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement across 20 studies (n = 15104) using an updated generalized linear mixed model analysis on the logit scale. Pooled proportion 0.18 (95%CI: 0.14-0.24); I² = 97.7%, indicating substantial heterogeneity attributable to differences in valve platform, implantation era, and pacing protocols. Each row represents one study; square size reflects study weight; diamond represents pooled estimate. PPI: Permanent pacemaker implantation.