Impact of pre-existing conduction abnormalities on permanent pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A meta-analysis

Table 4 Patient demographics and general characteristics, mean ± SD/range/median (interquartile range)

Ref.	n	Age	Male	Female	Population characteristics	Diagnosis
Muntané-Carol et al[18] (2021)	459	79 ± 8	251	208	Minimalist TAVR; SAPIEN 3 (85.6%) or Evolut (12.6%); hypertension (91.9%)	Severe aortic stenosis
Pavlicek et al[19] (2023)	203	80 ± 6	106	97	Symptomatic; EvolutR or SAPIEN 3; diabetes (37%), CAD (59%)	Degenerative severe aortic stenosis
Meduri et al[28] (2019)	874 (baseline characteristics reported for 704 pacemaker-naive patients)	82-83 (approx)	345	359	High/extreme surgical risk; Lotus vs CoreValve (Classic/EvolutR)	Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis
Castro-Mejía et al[36] (2022)	344	83 (79-86)	135	209	New generation SEV (Evolut-R/Pro, Acurate-neo, Portico, Allegra)	Severe aortic stenosis
Auffret et al[22] (2017)	3527	82 ± 8	1764	1763	Baseline RBBB impact; 61% BEV; 39% SEV	Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis
Bagur et al[23] (2012)	822 (411/group)	81 ± 11 (TAVI); 80 ± 4 (SAVR)	357	465	Elderly; TAVI (Edwards) vs isolated SAVR; matched by baseline ECG	Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis
Wasim et al[30] (2025)	548	80.6 ± 6.7	271	277	Unselected cohort; various valves; AF (30%)	Severe aortic stenosis
Chen et al[25] (2024)	857	82-83 (approx)	501	356	Intermediate/high risk; SAPIEN 3; annulus calcification highlighted	Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis
Dizon et al[31] (2015)	2531	84.5 ± 7.2	1324	1207	Inoperable/high-risk; Edwards SAPIEN valve	Severe aortic stenosis
Natarajan et al[37] (2022)	192	81.8 ± 6.4	104	88	Outpatient TAVI; 95.3% Sapien S3/ultra; remote monitoring	Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis
Fraccaro et al[33] (2011)	64	80.97 ± 6.55	29	35	Dystrophic calcification; CoreValve Revalving System	Aortic stenosis
Guetta et al[20] (2011)	70	83 ± 4.6	26	44	High risk or inoperable; CoreValve system	Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis
Husser et al[38] (2016)	183	80-81 (approx)	97	86	High-risk; SAPIEN 3 vs SAPIEN XT	Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis
Khawaja et al[27] (2011)	243	81.3 ± 6.7	123	120	Very high/excessive surgical risk; CoreValve	Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis
Kooistra et al[24] (2020)	2804	82 (77-85)	1,248	1,556	Elderly; SEV (37%) vs BEV (56%) vs Lotus (7%)	Severe aortic stenosis
Kostopoulou et al[32] (2015)	45	81 ± 5	27	18	NYHA II/III; normal/slightly impaired LV function; CoreValve	Severe aortic stenosis
Ledwoch et al[34] (2013)	1147	81.5-82 (approx)	468	679	Elderly; high comorbidities; CoreValve or Sapien	Severe symptomatic aortic stenosis
Naveh et al[21] (2017)	110	80.7 ± 6.5	51	59	Symptomatic AS; Medtronic CoreValve or Edwards Sapien XT	Symptomatic aortic stenosis
Rampat et al[26] (2017)	201	81.2 ± 7.7	102	99	High surgical risk; LOTUS bioprosthesis	Degenerative aortic stenosis
Van Gils et al[29] (2018)	291	79 ± 8	156	135	Transarterial TAVI; CoreValve, Sapien XT/3, Lotus	Severe aortic stenosis

AF: Atrial fibrillation; AS: Aortic stenosis; BEV: Balloon-expandable valve; CAD: Coronary artery disease; ECG: Electrocardiogram; LV: Left ventricular; NYHA: New York Heart Association; PPI: Permanent pacemaker implantation; RBBB: Right bundle branch block; SAVR: Surgical aortic valve replacement; SEV: Self-expanding valve; TAVI: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation; TAVR: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement.