Impact of pre-existing conduction abnormalities on permanent pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A meta-analysis

Table 3 Risk of bias assessment via Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies

Ref.	Rep. exposed	Sel. non-exp.	Ascert. exp.	Outcome absent	Ctrl main	Ctrl addit.	Assess. outcome	Follow-up dur.	Adequacy FU	Total
Auffret et al[22] (2017)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	9
Chen et al[25] (2024)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	9
Dizon et al[31] (2015)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	9
Kooistra et al[24] (2020)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	8
Pavlicek et al[19] (2023)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	8
Muntané-Carol et al[18] (2021)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	8
Bagur et al[23] (2012)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	8
Wasim et al[30] (2025)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	8
Ledwoch et al[34] (2013)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	7
Naveh et al[21] (2017)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	7
Van Gils et al[29] (2018)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	7
Castro-Mejía et al[36] (2022)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	7
Husser et al[38] (2016)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	7
Natarajan et al[37] (2022)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	6
Khawaja et al[27] (2011)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	6
Rampat et al[26] (2017)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	6
Guetta et al[20] (2011)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	6
Fraccaro et al[33] (2011)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	6

Rep. exposed: Representativeness of the exposed cohort; Sel. non-exp.: Selection of the non-exposed cohort; Ascert. exp.: Ascertainment of exposure; Outcome Absent: Outcome not present at study start; Ctrl main: Comparability on main confounders; Ctrl addit.: Comparability on additional confounders; Assess. outcome: Assessment of outcome; Follow-up dur.: Adequacy of follow-up length; Adequacy FU: Adequacy of follow-up of cohorts; Yes: Criterion met; No: Criterion not met.