Progress in pulsed field ablation for atrial fibrillation and perioperative nursing strategies

Figure 2 The clinical advantages of pulsed field ablation for atrial fibrillation, including high acute efficacy, enhanced safety profile, and improved procedural efficiency. It highlights the mechanism of irreversible electroporation, the tissue selectivity in myocardial ablation, and the reduced collateral damage to surrounding tissues such as the esophagus and phrenic nerve. The figure also outlines key steps in the perioperative pathway for optimal patient outcomes. PFA: Pulsed field ablation; EF: Ejection fraction; HTN: Hypertension; LA: Left atrial; DM: Diabetes mellitus; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; DOACs: Direct oral anticoagulants; HR: Heart rate; BP: Blood pressure; SpO₂: Pulse oxygen saturation; ECG: Electrocardiogram; ACT: Activated clotting time; QoL: Quality of life; AF: Atrial fibrillation.