Progress in pulsed field ablation for atrial fibrillation and perioperative nursing strategies

Figure 1 The core mechanism of pulsed field ablation, which uses ultra-short, high-voltage electrical pulses to induce irreversible electroporation in myocardial cells. The process generates nanoscale pores in the cardiomyocyte membranes, disrupting calcium homeostasis and leading to programmed cell death (irreversible electroporation). It also demonstrates the tissue selectivity of pulsed field ablation, showing its higher sensitivity in myocardial cells compared to other tissues like the esophagus and nerves, preserving non-target structures. LA: Left atrial.