Vascular rings in a tertiary care center: A retrospective review of clinical presentations and interventions

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with vascular rings

Patient	Sex	Age at surgery	Primary diagnosis	Weight at surgery (kg)	Associated intracardiac lesions	Feeding difficulties	Failure to thrive	Other pertinent symptoms	Tracheal/esophageal position at presentation
1	M	38 months	DAA	16	None	No	No	Asthma, recurrent RTI including PNA at birth requiring 3-day ICU admission, breath-holding spells	Midline- an external indentation on the right side of the trachea with mild narrowing
2	F	17 months	RAA with aberrant LSA from DA, left retroesophageal ligamentum arteriosum	7	ASD, VSD	Yes	Yes	Voice hoarseness	Midline- no deviation; mild indentation of proximal esophagus
3	F	8 days	DAA	2.92	Large PFO	Yes	No	Recurrent RTI, stridor, perioral cyanosis	Significant tracheal narrowing with a minimum transverse tracheal diameter of 2 mm. Impression on proximal esophagus
4	F	1 month	RAA with aberrant LSA from DA, with diverticulum of Kommerell, a tiny left ductus arteriosus originating from aberrant LSA	2.8	VSD, small PFO	No	No	Recurrent RTI, stridor	Right upper lobe bronchus arising from the trachea; impingement of the right pulmonary artery along the distal carina; mild narrowing of the trachea
5	F	3 years	DAA	13	None	Yes	Yes	Chronic cough, GERD, stridor, chronic wheezing	Impression on the right side of the trachea
6	F	16 months	RAA with aberrant LSA from DA and left ligamentum arteriosum	8	ASD	Yes	Yes	Easy fatigability, perioral cyanosis	Midline - no deviation or narrowing
7	M	5 months	LAA with aberrant RSA from DA, and left ligamentum arteriosum	6.3	None	Yes	No	Recurrent aspiration, GERD, cyanosis	Midline - no deviation
8	M	21 months	DAA	11.4	None	Yes	Yes	Recurrent RTI requiring multiple hospitalizations, stridor, dysphagia	Midline - significant tracheal narrowing

M: Male; F: Female; DAA: Double aortic arch; RAA: Right aortic arch; LAA: Left aortic arch; LSA: Left subclavian artery; RSA: Right subclavian artery; DA: Descending aorta; ASD: Atrial septal defect; VSD: Ventricular septal defect; PFO: Patent foramen ovale; RTI: Respiratory tract infection; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; PNA: Pneumonia; ICU: Intensive care unit.