Demographic and clinical profile of patients with heart failure at a tertiary care hospital

Table 1 Comparison of demographics, clinical characteristics, haematological parameters and biochemical parameters with other global registries

Parameter	King George’s Medical University (n = 407)	United States acute decompensated HF national registry (n = 105388)	Swedish HF registry (S-HFR PHC) (n = 631)	Italian registry on HF (n = 5610)
Mean age (years)	58.8	72.4	76	72
Male (%)	64.4	48	56	60.2
Female (%)	35.6	52	44	39.8
Mean heart rate (beats/minute)	91.19	NA	73	93
Mean SBP (mmHg)	122.37	144	< 100 (2.9%); 100-140 (63.8%); > 140 (33.3%)	134
Mean DBP (mmHg)	76.71	NA	NA	NA
HF phenotype distribution	HFmrEF: 25.6%; HFpEF: 16.0%; HFrEF: 58.5%	Mean EF: 34.4%	EF < 30%: 25%; EF 30%-40%: 23%; EF 40%-49%: 17%; EF ≥ 50%: 18%	HFpEF: 35%
Co-morbidities (%)	DM (overall): 28.6%; DM (isolated): 18.1%; HTN (overall): 21.5%; HTN + DM: 10.3%; HTN (isolated): 9.8%; HTN + CKD: 1.2%; CKD: 0.5%; HTN + DM + CKD: 0.2%; others: 3.2%	HTN: 73%; CAD: 57%; DM: 44%; MI: 31%; AF: 31%; renal insufficiency: 30%; VT: 8%; VF: 1%	IHD: 43.3%; AF: 43.3%; HTN: 51.5%; DM: 26.5%; valve disease: 11%; pulmonary disease: 30.3%; DCM: 4%; HCM: 0.3%	IHD: 42.3%; HTN: 57.8%; DM: 40.4%; renal dysfunction: 32.5%; AF: 37.7%
NYHA class (%)	I: 26.5; II: 69.0; III: 1.7; IV: -	I: 20; II: 44; III: 32; IV: NA	I: 8; II: 32; III: 28; IV: 4	NA
Clinical features (%)	Major: Acute pulmonary edema (0.2%), rales (0.2%); minor: DOE (10.3%), DOE + ankle edema (0.5%), nocturnal cough (0.5%), ankle edema (0.2%), DOE + pleural effusion (0.2%)	Peripheral edema: 66%; dyspnea: 89%; rales: 68%	NA	Pulmonary congestion: 78.2%; peripheral congestion: 56.1%; either/both: 88.4%; peripheral hypoperfusion: 12%; cold: 10.8%; altered sensorium: 11.5%
Mean hemoglobin (g/dL)	12.01	NA	13.5	12.5
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	1.19	1.8; > 2: 21%; > 3: 9%	1.157	1.21; > 1.5: 28.7%
RDW (%)	16.49	NA	NA	NA
NT-proBNP (pg/mL)	mean: 3377.39; HFrEF: 3926.88; HFpEF: 2745.73; HFmrEF: 2707.94	NA	NA	51681

¹Median. Comorbidities are reported as non-mutually exclusive variables; therefore, cumulative percentages may exceed 100%.

AF: Atrial fibrillation; BMI: Body mass index; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; DCM: Dilated cardiomyopathy; DOE: Dyspnea on exertion; DM: Diabetes mellitus; HCM: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; HFmrEF: Heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction; HFpEF: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF: Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HTN: Hypertension; IHD: Ischemic heart disease; JVP: Jugular venous pressure; NA: Not available; NYHA: New York Heart Association; NT-proBNP: N-Terminal pro-B-Type natriuretic peptide; RDW: Red cell distribution width; VF: Ventricular fibrillation; ADHERE: Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry; S-HFR PHC: Swedish Heart failure registry-primary health care; IN-HF: Italian Network on Heart Failure; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; CAD: Coronary artery disease; AF: Atrial fibrillation.