Valvular calcification in liver cirrhosis: A comparison with non-cirrhotic cardiovascular controls

Figure 5 Comparison of demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic characteristics among patients with liver cirrhosis and non-cirrhotic controls stratified by the presence or absence of mitral annular calcification. Horizontal bars show the proportion of subjects (categorical variables, %) or median values (continuous variables) for each group: Liver cirrhosis + mitral annular calcification (MAC; black), Liver cirrhosis - MAC (dark gray), control + MAC (light gray), and control - MAC (very light gray). Displayed variables include age; body mass index; hypertension; hyperlipidemia; smoking; peripheral vascular disease; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; myocardial infarction; left ventricular ejection fraction; left ventricular ejection fraction < 50%; chronic kidney disease stages I-II; aortic valve calcification; aortic root calcification; mitral valve calcification; subvalvular mitral apparatus calcification; and total aortic, mitral, and combined calcium scores. P values for between-group comparisons are indicated next to each characteristic. Bold P values indicate statistical significance after Bonferroni correction. For total aortic, mitral, and combined calcium scores, P values were identical across comparisons and are therefore shown only once. BMI: Body mass index; PVD: Peripheral vascular disease; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; AVC: Aortic valve calcification; LC: Liver cirrhosis; MAC: Mitral annular calcification; MI: Myocardial infarction; Ca: Calcium.