Valvular calcification in liver cirrhosis: A comparison with non-cirrhotic cardiovascular controls

Figure 3 Demographic, clinical, and calcification characteristics in patients with and without aortic valve calcification, stratified by liver cirrhosis status. Horizontal bar chart comparing key variables across four groups: Controls without aortic valve calcification (AVC), controls with AVC, patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) without AVC, and those with LC with AVC. Displayed parameters include age (years), prior cardiac surgery (%), peripheral vascular disease (%), cerebrovascular insult/transient ischemic attack (%), aortic root calcification (%), total aortic calcium score, posterior mitral annular calcium score, mitral valve calcification (%), total mitral calcium score, and total calcium score. The chart highlights substantial differences in both valvular and vascular calcification burden between groups, with patients exhibiting AVC - especially those with LC - showing markedly elevated calcium scores and higher prevalence of associated vascular comorbidities. P values are displayed to the right of each horizontal bar, adjacent to the corresponding group comparisons for every variable. Bold P values indicate statistical significance after Bonferroni correction. Ca: Calcium; PVD: Peripheral vascular disease; CVI: Cerebrovascular insult; TIA: Transient ischemic attack; AVC: Aortic valve calcification; LC: Liver cirrhosis.