Valvular calcification in liver cirrhosis: A comparison with non-cirrhotic cardiovascular controls

Figure 1 Comparison of cardiovascular comorbidities and valvular calcification between patients with liver cirrhosis and control subjects. Horizontal bar chart presenting the prevalence (%) of key clinical characteristics in the liver cirrhosis group vs the control group. Variables include mitral valve calcification, aortic valve calcification, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (< 50%), previous myocardial infarction, smoking, atrial fibrillation, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and history of previous cardiac surgery. The chart illustrates markedly higher rates of mitral and aortic valve calcification, smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in the control group, while reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation were more common among patients with liver cirrhosis. P values are displayed to the right of each horizontal bar, adjacent to the corresponding group comparisons for every variable. Bold P values indicate statistical significance after Bonferroni correction. LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; AF: Atrial fibrillation; MI: Myocardial infarction.