Valvular calcification in liver cirrhosis: A comparison with non-cirrhotic cardiovascular controls

doi:10.4330/wjc.v18.i3.114077

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World Journal of Cardiology

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1949-8462

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World J Cardiol. Mar 26, 2026; 18(3): 114077
Published online Mar 26, 2026. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v18.i3.114077

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses of factors associated with aortic valve calcification

Variable	Univariate OR	95%CI	P value	Variable	Model	Multivariate OR	95%CI	P value
Age	1.072	1.039-1.106	< 0.001^a	Age	Ia	1.075	1.038-1.113	< 0.001^a
					IIa	1.043	1.004-1.084	0.030
					IIIa	1.040	0.996-1.087	0.076
Male sex	0.966	0.555-1.681	0.903	Gender, male	Ia	1.043	0.548-1.982	0.899
					IIa	1.083	0.554-2.116	0.816
					IIIa	1.734	0.785-3.831	0.174
BMI (kg/m²)	0.970	0.917-1.027	0.296	BMI (kg/m²)	Ia	0.958	0.899-1.021	0.187
					IIa	0.929	0.868-0.995	0.036
					IIIa	0.906	0.837-0.981	0.014
Fatty LC	3.432	1.796-6.556	< 0.001^a	Fatty LC	Ia	3.323	1.611-6.853	0.001^a
					IIa	2.835	1.334-6.028	0.007^a
					IIIa	3.873	1.529-9.807	0.004a
Other causes of LC	2.650	1.414-4.967	0.002	Other causes of LC	Ia	2.637	1.311-5.302	0.007^a
					IIa	2.552	1.234-5.279	0.011
					IIIa	2.790	1.180-6.598	0.019
Previous cardiac surgery	8.815	1.981-39.225	0.004	Previous cardiac surgery	IIIa	26.363	4.907-141.635	< 0.001^a
Smoking	0.637	0.376-1.079	0.093	Smoking	IIIa	0.655	0.310-1.384	0.267
MI	0.558	0.298-1.047	0.069	MI	IIIa	0.464	0.177-1.215	0.118
PVD	2.113	0.909-4.910	0.082	PVD	IIIa	2.505	0.836-7.502	0.101
CVI/TIA	3.450	0.926-12.860	0.065	CVI/TIA	IIIa	4.141	0.744-23.049	0.105
Aortic root calcification	1.635	0.932-2.868	0.087	Aortic root calcification	IIIa	0.420	0.171-1.028	0.058
Mitral annular calcification	4.364	2.540-7.477	< 0.001^a	Mitral annulus calcification	IIa	3.964	2.035-7.721	< 0.001^a
Mitral annular calcification	4.364	2.540-7.477	< 0.001^a	Mitral annulus calcification	IIIa	6.278	2.718-14.500	< 0.001^a
Aortic valve Ca score	2.113	1.736-2.572	< 0.001^a	-	-	-	-	-
Mitral valve Ca score	1.480	1.225-1.788	< 0.001^a	-	-	-	-	-
Total Ca score	2.113	1.736-2.572	< 0.001^a	-	-	-	-	-

^aP values remained statistically significant after Bonferroni correction (Univariate analysis: Bonferroni corrected P value: Pc = 0.0018; Multivariate analysis: Model I: Pc = 0.01, model IIa: Pc = 0.0083, model IIIa: Pc = 0.0042).

Model I: Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and liver cirrhosis. Model IIa: Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, liver cirrhosis, and mitral annular calcification. Model IIIa: Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, previous cardiac surgery, smoking history, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, prior cerebrovascular insult or transient ischemic attack, aortic root calcification, and mitral annular calcification. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index; LC: Liver cirrhosis; MI: Myocardial infraction; PVD: Peripheral vascular disease; CVI: Cerebrovascular insult; TIA: Transient ischemic attack; Ca: Calcium.

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Citation: Vuckovic M, Grgurić J, Paic F, Radonic V, Jurin I, Filipec Kanizaj T, Letilovic T. Valvular calcification in liver cirrhosis: A comparison with non-cirrhotic cardiovascular controls. World J Cardiol 2026; 18(3): 114077
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v18/i3/114077.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v18.i3.114077

Vuckovic M, Grgurić J, Paic F, Radonic V, Jurin I, Filipec Kanizaj T, Letilovic T. Valvular calcification in liver cirrhosis: A comparison with non-cirrhotic cardiovascular controls. World J Cardiol 2026; 18(3): 114077 [DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v18.i3.114077]

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