Phenomenon of “de Winter” pattern, sign, or syndrome: A systematic scoping review and data analysis

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World Journal of Cardiology

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1949-8462

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Systematic Reviews

World J Cardiol. Feb 26, 2026; 18(2): 114561
Published online Feb 26, 2026. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v18.i2.114561

Table 4 Unique conditions presenting with de Winter pattern

Ref.	Years	Medical condition
García-Izquierdo et al[104]	2018	Myocarditis
Porciuncula et al[105]	2019	Acute stent thrombosis
Chen et al[107]	2020	After elective PCI (asymptomatic and no STEMI-equivalent on arrival)
Molina-Lopez et al[106]	2024	Post aortic stenosis repair
Ando et al[108]	2020	Vasospastic angina
Azdaki et al[44]; Hirase et al[91]	2021; 2020	Spontaneous coronary artery dissection
Dai et al[110]	2021	Kounis syndrome
Al-Assaf et al[5]	2024	Blunt chest trauma
Zhang et al[109]	2022	Type A aortic dissection
Daas et al[111]	2025	Coronary artery ectasia
Li et al[112]	2025	Pheochromocytoma
Wei et al[113]	2022	Stroke-heart syndrome

PCI: Percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Citation: Elmenyar E, Abbara MA, Al-Ghoul Z, Al Mahmeed W, Cander B, Abdelrahman AS, Al-Thani H, El-Menyar A. Phenomenon of “de Winter” pattern, sign, or syndrome: A systematic scoping review and data analysis. World J Cardiol 2026; 18(2): 114561
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v18/i2/114561.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v18.i2.114561

Elmenyar E, Abbara MA, Al-Ghoul Z, Al Mahmeed W, Cander B, Abdelrahman AS, Al-Thani H, El-Menyar A. Phenomenon of “de Winter” pattern, sign, or syndrome: A systematic scoping review and data analysis. World J Cardiol 2026; 18(2): 114561 [PMID: 41694038 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v18.i2.114561]

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