Ryanodine receptor 2 mutations in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: From molecular mechanisms to precision medicine

Figure 1 Integrated catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia risk assessment algorithm. Comprehensive risk assessment algorithm incorporating clinical presentation, genetic information, functional investigations, and emerging biomarkers for personalized catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia management. The algorithm integrates multiple parameters, including mutation location, family history, exercise testing results, and biomarker profiles, to stratify patients into high, moderate, and low-risk categories. CPVT: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia; SCD: Sudden cardiac death; ECG: Electrocardiogram; RyR2: Ryanodine receptor 2; CASQ2: Calcium-sensing machinery, such as calsequestrin; CALM1-3: Calmodulin 1-3; VT: Ventricular tachycardia.