Ryanodine receptor 2 mutations in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia: From molecular mechanisms to precision medicine

Table 2 Comparative efficacy of catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Therapies

Ref.	Treatment strategy	Arrhythmia reduction	SCD prevention	Side effects	Clinical use	Cost effectiveness
Mazzanti et al[44], 2022; Baltogiannis et al[45], 2019; Zhou et al[46], 2011	β-blockers alone	60%-70%	Moderate	Fatigue, bradycardia	First-line	High
Watanabe et al[48], 2011	β-blockers + Flecainide	80%-90%	High	Proarrhythmia risk	Refractory cases	Moderate
Kannankeril et al[50], 2017	Carvedilol	70%-80%	Moderate-high	Hypotension, fatigue	Alternative first line	High
Penttinen et al[52], 2015; Kobayashi et al[53], 2009	Dantrolene + β-blockers	75%-85%	High	Hepatotoxicity, weakness	Experimental	Unknown
van der Werf et al[55], 2011	ICD	> 95%	Very high	Device complications	High-risk patients	Low-moderate
De Ferrari et al[59], 2015; Hofferberth et al[60], 2014	LCSD	70%-80%	High	Surgical risks	β-blocker failure	Moderate

SCD: Sudden cardiac death; ICD: Implantable cardioverter defibrillator; LCSD: Left cardiac sympathetic denervation.