Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species and myocardial cell pyroptosis caused by hypoxia/re-oxygenation injury

Figure 4 Effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized form on the expression of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3, associated speck-like protein containing a CARD, and caspase-1, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the gene expression of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3, associated speck-like protein containing a CARD, and caspase-1 (n = 5). The normal group refers to H9c2 cells cultured in an incubator containing 21% oxygen and 5% CO₂, and serves as the control group; the hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R) group refers to H9c2 cells subjected to an H/R process; the H/R + acetyl group refers to H9c2 cells cultured under an H/R procedure with acetylcysteine treatment; the H/R + nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide group refers to H9c2 cells cultured under an H/R procedure with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized form (NAD⁺) treatment. NLRP3: NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3; H/R: Hypoxia/re-oxygenation; ASC: Associated speck-like protein containing a CARD; NAD: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NAD⁺: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized form.