Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species and myocardial cell pyroptosis caused by hypoxia/re-oxygenation injury

Figure 3 Measurement of total cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized form/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form ratio in H9c2 cells after hypoxia/re-oxygenation treatment, with or without acetylcysteine or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized form (n = 4). A and B: The normal group refers to H9c2 cells cultured in an incubator containing 21% oxygen and 5% CO₂, and serves as the control group; the hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R) group refers to H9c2 cells subjected to H/R; the H/R + acetyl group refers to H9c2 cells cultured under an H/R procedure with acetylcysteine treatment; the H/R + nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide group refers to H9c2 cells cultured under an H/R procedure with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized form (NAD⁺) treatment. H/R: Hypoxia/re-oxygenation; NAD: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NAD⁺: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized form; NADH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form.