Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species and myocardial cell pyroptosis caused by hypoxia/re-oxygenation injury

Figure 1 Effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized form on the viability of H9c2 cells following hypoxia/re-oxygenation treatment, with or without acetylcysteine or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized form (NAD⁺) (n = 3). The normal group refers to H9c2 cells cultured in an incubator containing 21% oxygen and 5% CO₂, and serves as the control group; the hypoxia/re-oxygenation (H/R) group refers to H9c2 cells subjected to H/R; the H/R + acetyl group refers to H9c2 cells cultured under an H/R procedure with acetylcysteine treatment; the H/R + nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide group refers to H9c2 cells cultured under an H/R procedure with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized. H/R: Hypoxia/re-oxygenation; NAD: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NAD⁺: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized form.