Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A state-of-the-art review

Figure 3 Accessory genetic and cellular association mechanisms between type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. ER: Endoplasmic reticulum; IGF1: Insulin-like growth factor 1; IRS: Insulin receptor substrate; MBOAT7: Membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7; MMP 2: Matrix metalloproteinase 2; MMP 9: Matrix metalloproteinase 9; PI3K/AKT: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase protein kinase B; PPARγ: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; TGF: Tumor growth factor; TG: Triglycerides; TM6SF2: Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 gene; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; NAD+/NADH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+/hydrogen; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.