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©The Author(s) 2026.
World J Cardiol. Jan 26, 2026; 18(1): 111954
Published online Jan 26, 2026. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v18.i1.111954
Figure 2
Figure 2 Complex interplay of risk factors and their effect on metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease pathogenesis and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. HFpEF: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; MASLD: Metabolic-dysfunction associated liver disease; MASH: Metabolic-dysfunction associated steatohepatitis; A-V shunt: Arteriovenous shunt; OSA: Obstructive sleep apnea.


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