©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Cardiol. Sep 26, 2025; 17(9): 110220
Published online Sep 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.110220
Published online Sep 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.110220
Table 1 Patient characteristics in men and women
| Male, n = 87 | Female, n = 99 | P value | |
| Age | 64.4 ± 10.9 | 65.5 ± 12.7 | 0.52 |
| Weight (kg) | 80.1 ± 16.4 | 73.2 ± 16.8 | 0.005 |
| Height (cm) | 169.4 ± 14.3 | 158.8 ± 7.5 | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.6 ± 5.4 | 29.0 ± 6.5 | 0.11 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 |
| Total fluoro time (minutes) | 30.2 ± 25.6 | 24.1 ± 16.3 | 0.34 |
| DAP (µGy × m2) | 15221.2 ± 25858.5 | 9251.7 ± 9555.3 | 0.047 |
| Air Kerma (mGy) | 616.8 ± 1101.8 | 474.8 ± 493.2 | 0.38 |
| Contrast (cc) | 106.1 ± 62.1 | 98.4 ± 57.5 | 0.48 |
| Follow-up (month) | 3.5 ± 3.3 | 4.3 ± 3.8 | 0.18 |
| Diabetes | 53 (61) | 73 (74) | 0.062 |
| Hypertension | 63 (72) | 77 (78) | 0.40 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 44 (51) | 54 (55) | 0.59 |
| Past medical history of CAD | 25 (29) | 34 (34) | 0.41 |
| History of MI/PCI | 23 (26) | 28 (28) | 0.78 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 4 (5) | 9 (9) | 0.23 |
| History of chronic kidney disease/end stage renal disease on hemodialysis | 1 (1) | 7 (7) | 0.047 |
| History of peripheral intervention | 26 (30) | 22 (22) | 0.23 |
| History of vascular surgery | 3 (3) | 2 (2) | 0.55 |
| History of acute limb ischemia/critical limb ischemia | 14 (16) | 17 (17) | 0.84 |
| Current/former smoker | 54 (62) | 36 (36) | < 0.001 |
| History of amputation | 13 (15) | 15 (15) | 0.97 |
| Intermittent claudication | 14 (16) | 13 (13) | 0.57 |
| Critical limb ischemia | 41 (47) | 48 (48) | 0.85 |
| Acute limb ischemia | 12 (14) | 20 (20) | 0.25 |
| Lower extremity edema/deep venous thrombosis/may Thurner/chronic total occlusion vein | 14 (16) | 11 (11) | 0.32 |
| Venous stenosis | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 0.93 |
| Re-look angiography | 6 (7) | 7 (7) | 0.96 |
| Left heart cath with peripheral angio | 1 (1) | 5 (5) | 0.13 |
| Peripheral aneurysm | 4 (5) | 0 (0) | 0.031 |
| Suprainguinal | 20 (23) | 21 (21) | 0.77 |
| Infrainguinal | 42 (48) | 52 (53) | 0.56 |
| Infrapopliteal | 29 (33) | 37 (37) | 0.57 |
| Intervention | 71 (82) | 75 (76) | 0.33 |
| Chronic total occlusion intervention | 23 (26) | 31 (31) | 0.46 |
| Staged intervention | 10 (11) | 8 (8) | 0.43 |
| Femoral access | 70 (80) | 88 (89) | 0.11 |
| Pedal | 13 (15) | 5 (5) | 0.023 |
| Retrograde | 84 (97) | 95 (96) | 0.83 |
| Antegrade | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 0.35 |
| Brachial/radial | 20 (23) | 8 (8) | 0.005 |
| Venous intervention | 12 (14) | 7 (7) | 0.13 |
| Tasc A | 7 (8) | 9 (9) | 0.80 |
| Tasc B | 33 (38) | 23 (23) | 0.029 |
| Tasc C | 20 (23) | 36 (36) | 0.047 |
| Tasc D | 6 (7) | 7 (7) | 0.96 |
| Ruth grade I | 12 (14) | 15 (15) | 0.79 |
| Ruth grade II | 22 (25) | 35 (35) | 0.14 |
| Ruth grade III | 30 (34) | 21 (21) | 0.043 |
| Ruth grade IV | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.28 |
| Fontaine I | 0 | 0 | |
| Fontaine II | 13 (15) | 20 (20) | 0.35 |
| Fontaine III | 12 (14) | 25 (25) | 0.051 |
| Fontaine IV | 31 (36) | 19 (19) | 0.012 |
| Complications | 17 (20) | 21 (21) | 0.78 |
| Major adverse limb event | 17 (20) | 10 (10) | 0.068 |
| Myocardial infarction | 3 (3) | 1 (1) | 0.25 |
| Stroke | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 0.35 |
| Hematoma | 4 (5) | 3 (3) | 0.58 |
| Dissection/perforation | 6 (7) | 12 (12) | 0.23 |
| Acute kidney injury | 9 (10) | 17 (17) | 0.18 |
| Repeat intervention/target lesion revascularization | 12 (14) | 8 (8) | 0.21 |
| Death | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 0.90 |
- Citation: Kar S, Espinoza C. Gender-based radiation exposure and clinical outcomes in peripheral endovascular intervention for limb ischemia: A prospective study. World J Cardiol 2025; 17(9): 110220
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v17/i9/110220.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.110220