Role of hydrogen peroxide preconditioning in mesenchymal stem cell-mediated heart regeneration: Molecular insights

Figure 1 Hydrogen peroxide preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells promote heart regeneration. Redox sensitive transcription factors activated by hydrogen peroxide preconditioning regulate various biological functions such as cell survival, proliferation, migration, paracrine effects, and differentiation. This leads to an improvement in the regeneration of the heart. AP-1: Activator protein-1; HIF-1α: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; H₂O₂: Hydrogen peroxide; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.