Risk factors and predictive model for mortality in acute myocardial infarction with ventricular septal rupture at high altitudes

doi:10.4330/wjc.v17.i7.109044

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World Journal of Cardiology

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1949-8462

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Cardiol. Jul 26, 2025; 17(7): 109044
Published online Jul 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i7.109044

Table 1 Comparison of baseline data between groups, n (%)

Baseline data	Survival group (n = 30)	Death group (n = 18)	χ²/t	P value
Gender	17 (56.7)	11 (61.1)	0.091	0.762
Age (years) (mean ± SD)	65.1 ± 6.7	71 ± 11.2	2.303	0.026
BMI (kg/m²) (mean ± SD)	23.8 ± 3.6	23.1 ± 3.0	-0.74	0.463
Smoking history	14 (46.7)	9 (50.0)	0.05	0.823
Drinking history	21 (70)	13 (72.2)	0.027	0.87
HTN	17 (56.7)	4 (22.2)	5.424	0.02
Hyperlipidemia	20 (66.7)	13 (72.2)	0.162	0.688
T2DM	19 (63.3)	11 (61.1)	0.024	0.878
Apoplexy	25 (83.3)	17 (94.4)	1.27	0.26
Angina pectoris	11 (36.7)	8 (44.4)	0.285	0.594
OMI	17 (56.7)	6 (33.3)	2.454	0.117
Liver dysfunction	9 (30.0)	13 (72.2)	8.078	0.004
SBP (mmHg) (mean ± SD)	105.3 ± 16.8	102.3 ± 21.4	-0.55	0.585
DBP (mmHg) (mean ± SD)	72.5 ± 13.1	72.6 ± 19.8	0.023	0.981
MBP (mmHg) (mean ± SD)	83.5 ± 12.0	79.1 ± 18.1	-0.995	0.325
HR (times/minute) (mean ± SD)	94.9 ± 20.2	102.1 ± 15.0	1.294	0.202
Acute extensive anterior MI	13 (43.3)	13 (72.2)	3.782	0.052
Early VSR	23 (76.7)	18 (100)	4.917	0.073
Killip ≥ III	19 (63.3)	15 (83.3)	2.178	0.14
Combined arrhythmia	9 (30.0)	5 (27.8)	0.027	0.87
Stent implantation	15 (50.0)	9 (50.0)	0	1
PaO₂/FiO₂ ≤ 200	3 (10.0)	1 (5.6)	0.291	1

BMI: Body mass index; HTN: Hypertension; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes; OMI: Old myocardial infarction; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; MBP: mean blood pressure; HR: Heart rate; MI: Myocardial infarction; VSR: Ventricular septal perforation.

Citation: Zhang LH, Cen ZF, Qiao Q, Ye XR, Cheng L, Liu GQ, Liu Y, Zhang XQ, Pan XF, Zhang HL, Zhang JJ. Risk factors and predictive model for mortality in acute myocardial infarction with ventricular septal rupture at high altitudes. World J Cardiol 2025; 17(7): 109044
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v17/i7/109044.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i7.109044