Metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease and atrial fibrillation: A review of pathogenesis

Figure 1 Role in atrial fibrillation and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. A: Insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus; B: Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea; C; Dyslipidemia; D: Hypertension; E: Proposed role of endothelial dysfunction. AF: Atrial fibrillation; AFib: Atrial fibrillation; FFA: Free fatty acid; IR: Insulin resistance; LA: Left atrium; RAAS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system; TG: Triglycerides; SREBP1c: Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c; K: Potassium; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor-α; HDL: High desnity lipoprotein; MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; Ox-LDL: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein; SdLDL: Small-density low-density lipoprotein; ADH: Antidiuretic hormone; ADMA: Asymmetric dimethylarginine; IL: Interleukin; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; Na: Sodium. Created in BioRender (Supplementary material).