Myocardial ischemia in nonobstructive coronary arteries: A review of diagnostic dilemmas, current perspectives, and emerging therapeutic innovations

doi:10.4330/wjc.v17.i5.106541

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World Journal of Cardiology

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1949-8462

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Cardiol. May 26, 2025; 17(5): 106541
Published online May 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i5.106541

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Figure 1 Classification of biomarkers in myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries. SCAD: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection; CAS: Coronary artery spasm; CMD: Coronary microvascular dysfunction.

Citation: Seshadri H, Gunasekaran D, Mohammad A, Rachoori S, Rajakumar HK. Myocardial ischemia in nonobstructive coronary arteries: A review of diagnostic dilemmas, current perspectives, and emerging therapeutic innovations. World J Cardiol 2025; 17(5): 106541
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v17/i5/106541.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i5.106541

Seshadri H, Gunasekaran D, Mohammad A, Rachoori S, Rajakumar HK. Myocardial ischemia in nonobstructive coronary arteries: A review of diagnostic dilemmas, current perspectives, and emerging therapeutic innovations. World J Cardiol 2025; 17(5): 106541 [PMID: 40496390 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i5.106541]

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