Prevalence and impact of metabolically healthy obesity on cardiovascular outcomes in postmenopausal women and disparities: An age-matched study

Table 2 Multivariable logistic regression odds of outcomes among hospitalized postmenopausal women with metabolically healthy obesity vs without metabolically healthy obesity and disparities

Outcome	Odds ratio	95%CI	P value
All-cause mortality	1.02	0.94-1.12	0.621
MACCE	1.08	1.01-1.16	0.028
MACCE (white)	1.05	0.97-1.13	0.243
MACCE (black)	1.23	1.01-1.49	0.035
MACCE (Hispanic)	1.19	0.93-1.53	0.175
MACCE (Asian/PI)	1.28	0.65-2.51	0.482
MACCE (Native American)	1.83	0.70-4.76	0.216
MACCE (median household income national quartile for patient zip code = 1)	1.10	0.97-1.25	0.149
MACCE (median household income national quartile for patient zip code = 4)	1.24	1.06-1.44	0.007
Effect modification by comorbidities and prior surgeries
MACCE (COVID-19 negative)	1.02	0.94-1.09	0.675
MACCE (COVID-19 positive)	1.59	1.29-1.96	< 0.001
MACCE (no history of bariatric surgery)	1.07		0.041
MACCE (history of bariatric surgery)	2.11		0.049
MACCE (no tobacco use disorder)	1.14	1.06-1.23	0.001
MACCE (tobacco use disorder)	0.85	0.72-0.99	0.039
MACCE (no depression)	1.07	0.99-1.15	0.080
MACCE (depression)	1.20	0.98-1.47	0.072

P < 0.05 indicates statistical significance. Multivariable regression models were adjusted for age at admission, median household income, race, payer type, elective and weekend admission, hospital location and teaching status, peripheral vascular disease, tobacco use disorder, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, cancer, chronic kidney disease, prior myocardial infarction, prior percutaneous coronary intervention, prior coronary artery bypass graft, heart failure, prior venous thrombo-embolism, prior transient ischemic attack/ stroke, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, depression, chronic pulmonary disease, hypothyroidism, other thyroid disorders, valvular disease, auto-immune conditions, obstructive sleep apnea, coronavirus disease 2019, prior bariatric surgery, prior breast cancer, anxiety disorders, psychoses, dementia, prior cancer. MACCE: Major adverse cardiac and cerebral-vascular events; CI: Confidence intervals; COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019.