Copyright
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Cardiol. Apr 26, 2025; 17(4): 105842
Published online Apr 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.105842
Published online Apr 26, 2025. doi: 10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.105842
Table 1 Baseline characteristics and comorbidities of metabolically healthy postmenopausal women (age ≥ 55years), 2020, n (%)
| Baseline characteristics | With-out MHO, 148250 (50) | With MHO, 148250 (50) | Total | P value |
| Age in years at admission, median | 65 | 65 | 65 | 1.000 |
| Race | < 0.001 | |||
| White | 114615 (81.5) | 111095 (78.6) | 225710 (80.1) | |
| Black | 11865 (8.4) | 16855 (11.9) | 28720 (10.2) | |
| Hispanic | 10030 (7.1) | 11415 (8.1) | 21445 (7.6) | |
| Asian/PI | 3255 (2.3) | 1040 (0.7) | 4295 (1.5) | |
| Native Americans | 815 (0.6) | 970 (0.7) | 1785 (0.6) | |
| Median household income national quartile for patient zip code | < 0.001 | |||
| 0-25 | 37800 (25.9) | 41190 (28.2) | 78990 (27.1) | |
| 26-50 | 39165 (26.9) | 41120 (28.2) | 80285 (27.5) | |
| 51-75 | 34980 (24) | 36260 (24.8) | 61190 (21) | |
| 76-100 | 33800 (23.2) | 27390 (18.8) | 61190 (21) | |
| Payer type | < 0.001 | |||
| Medicare | 80025 (57.6) | 83045 (59) | 163070 (58.3) | |
| Medicaid | 15185 (10.9) | 14130 (10) | 29315 (10.5) | |
| Private | 43640 (31.4) | 43555 (30.9) | 87195 (31.2) | |
| Elective | < 0.001 | |||
| Non-elective | 113055 (76.4) | 110505 (74.6) | 223560 (75.5) | |
| Elective | 35015 (23.6) | 37610 (25.4) | 72625 (24.5) | |
| Weekend admission | 0.021 | |||
| Monday-Friday | 119490 (80.6) | 119990 (80.9) | 239480 (80.8) | |
| Saturday/Sunday | 28755 (19.4) | 28260 (19.1) | 57015 (19.2) | |
| Hospital location and teaching status | < 0.001 | |||
| Rural | 15075 (10.2) | 13180 (8.9) | 28255 (9.5) | |
| Urban non-teaching | 26875 (18.1) | 28575 (19.3) | 55450 (18.7) | |
| Urban teaching | 106300 (71.7) | 106495 (71.8) | 212795 (71.8) | |
| Hospital region | < 0.001 | |||
| Northeast | 28845 (19.5) | 28470 (19.2%) | 57315 (19.3) | |
| Midwest | 30105 (20.3) | 35610 (24) | 65715 (22.2) | |
| South | 56840 (38.3) | 54185 (36.5) | 111025 (37.4) | |
| West | 32460 (21.9) | 29985 (20.2) | 62445 (21.1) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Peripheral vascular disease | 5340 (3.6) | 6150 (4.1) | 11490 (3.9) | < 0.001 |
| Tobacco use disorder | 32915 (22.2) | 35455 (23.9) | 68370 (23.1) | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol abuse | 7630 (5.1) | 3625 (2.4) | 11255 (3.8) | < 0.001 |
| Drug abuse | 5335 (3.6) | 4065 (2.7) | 9400 (3.2) | < 0.001 |
| Cancer | 22550 (15.2) | 14095 (9.5) | 36645 (12.4) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 9315 (6.3) | 15920 (10.7) | 25235 (8.5) | < 0.001 |
| Prior MI | 2505 (1.7) | 2990 (2) | 5495 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
| Prior PCI | 170 (0.1) | 210 (0.1) | 380 (0.1) | 0.040 |
| Prior CABG | 855 (0.6) | 1090 (0.7) | 1945 (0.7) | < 0.001 |
| Heart failure | 55 (0) | 65 (0) | 120 (0) | 0.361 |
| Prior venous thrombo-embolism | 7670 (5.2) | 11955 (8.1) | 19625 (6.6) | < 0.001 |
| Prior stroke/TIA | 5305 (3.6) | 4870 (3.3) | 10175 (3.4) | < 0.001 |
| Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome | 570 (0.4) | 415(0.3) | 985 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
| Depression | 20870 (14.1) | 25535 (17.2) | 46405 (15.7) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 32495 (21.9) | 43225 (29.2) | 75720 (25.5) | < 0.001 |
| Hypothyroidism | 24360 (16.4) | 30655 (20.7) | 55015 (18.6) | < 0.001 |
| Other thyroid disorders | 2705 (1.8) | 2770 (1.9) | 5475 (1.8) | 0.375 |
| Valvular disease | 1235 (0.8) | 1410 (1) | 2645 (0.9) | 0.001 |
| Autoimmune conditions | 7985 (5.4) | 9150 (6.2) | 17135 (5.8) | < 0.001 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 3570 (2.4) | 20640 (13.9) | 24210 (8.2) | < 0.001 |
| COVID-19 | 7670 (5.2) | 11810 (8) | 19480 (6.6) | < 0.001 |
| Bariatric surgery status | 2515 (1.7) | 7835 (5.3) | 10350 (3.5) | < 0.001 |
| Prior breast cancer | 7690 (5.2) | 6315 (4.3) | 14005 (4.7) | < 0.001 |
| Anxiety disorders | 27420 (18.5) | 27700 (18.7) | 55120 (18.6) | 0.186 |
| Psychoses | 4275 (2.9) | 3420 (2.3) | 7695 (2.6) | < 0.001 |
| Dementia | 8690 (5.9) | 5425 (3.7) | 14115 (4.8) | < 0.001 |
| Prior cancer | 19465 (13.1) | 16140 (10.9) | 35605 (12) | < 0.001 |
| Outcome | ||||
| MACCE | 12385 (8.4) | 11695 (7.9) | 24080 (8.1) | < 0.001 |
| Death during hospitalization | 7385 (5) | 6295 (4.2) | 13680 (4.6) | < 0.001 |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 3750 (2.5) | 4400 (3) | 8150 (2.7) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiac arrest | 1595 (1.1) | 1835 (1.2) | 3430 (1.2) | < 0.001 |
| Acute ischemic stroke | 2035 (1.4) | 1600 (1.1) | 3635 (1.2) | < 0.001 |
| Disposition of the patient | < 0.001 | |||
| Routine | 84060 (60.5) | 77015 (54.6) | 161075 (57.5) | |
| Transfer to the short-term hospital | 3270 (2.4) | 3115 (2.2) | 6385 (2.3) | |
| Transfer other: SNF, ICF | 22650 (16.3) | 27575 (19.5) | 50225 (17.9) | |
| Home health care | 28970 (20.8) | 33345 (23.6) | 62315 (22.3) | |
| Length of the stay, days, median | 3 | 4 | 3 | < 0.001 |
| Cost, United States dollar, median | 44874.81 | 51497.44 | 48134.09 | < 0.001 |
- Citation: Pingili A, Desai R, Vempati R, Vemula M, Lakkimsetti M, Madhavaram H, Nanjundappa A, Singh S, Sunkara P, Gummadi J. Prevalence and impact of metabolically healthy obesity on cardiovascular outcomes in postmenopausal women and disparities: An age-matched study. World J Cardiol 2025; 17(4): 105842
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1949-8462/full/v17/i4/105842.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v17.i4.105842