Comparison of beta-blockers vs calcium channel blockers in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Table 2 Comparative effectiveness outcomes of beta-blockers vs calcium channel blockers

Outcome	BB	CCB	Statistic	P value
All-cause mortality (rate/person-year)	0.057	0.066	HR 0.78	0.003
Cardiovascular mortality	0.033	0.039	HR 0.81	0.070
HF hospitalization	0.074	0.088	HR 0.86	0.031
Number of HF hospitalizations (mean)	-	-	IRR 1.39	< 0.001
ED visits for HF (mean)	-	-	IRR 1.24	< 0.001
Composite endpoint	0.129	0.152	HR 0.85	< 0.001
Change in NYHA (mean ± SD)	-0.001 ± 0.77	-0.004 ± 0.78	t-test	0.240
Change in BNP (pg/mL, mean ± SD)	76.0 ± 109.7	83.0 ± 120.4	t-test	0.162
Change in HR (bpm, mean ± SD)	-9.9 ± 5.0	-5.1 ± 5.0	t-test	< 0.001
Change in SBP (mmHg, mean ± SD)	-4.7 ± 9.8	-10.0 ± 10.2	t-test	< 0.001

This table summarizes the primary and secondary effectiveness outcomes over the follow-up period. Time-to-event outcomes are reported as incidence rates (events per person-year) and compared using the crude hazard ratio. Count outcomes [number of heart failure (HF) hospitalizations, Emergency Department visits for HF] are presented using the incidence rate ratio from Poisson generalized linear models, with the beta-blocker group as the reference. Changes in continuous measures from baseline to follow-up are reported as mean ± SD and compared via t-tests. HF: Heart failure; HR: Hazard ratio; IRR: Incidence rate ratio; ED: Emergency department; NYHA: New York Heart Association; BNP: B-type Natriuretic Peptide; HR: Heart rate; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; BB: Beta-blockers; CCB: Calcium channel blockers.